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胚胎期小龙虾脑中表达engrailed的次级头部斑点:甲壳纲动物和六足动物中一组同源神经元的实例?

The engrailed-expressing secondary head spots in the embryonic crayfish brain: examples for a group of homologous neurons in Crustacea and Hexapoda?

作者信息

Sintoni Silvia, Fabritius-Vilpoux Kathia, Harzsch Steffen

机构信息

Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften, Institut für Neurobiologie and Sektion Biosystematische Dokumentation, Universität Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany.

出版信息

Dev Genes Evol. 2007 Dec;217(11-12):791-9. doi: 10.1007/s00427-007-0189-5. Epub 2007 Oct 25.

Abstract

Hexapoda have been traditionally seen as the closest relatives of the Myriapoda (Tracheata hypothesis) but molecular studies have challenged this hypothesis and rather have suggested a close relationship of hexapods and crustaceans (Tetraconata hypothesis). In this new debate, data on the structure and development of the arthropod nervous system contribute important new data ("neurophylogeny"). Neurophylogenetic studies have already provided several examples for individually identifiably neurons in the ventral nerve cord that are homologous between insects and crustaceans. In the present report, we have analysed the emergence of Engrailed-expressing cells in the embryonic brain of a parthenogenetic crayfish, the marbled crayfish (Marmorkrebs), and have compared our findings to the pattern previously reported from insects. Our data suggest that a group of six Engrailed-expressing neurons in the optic anlagen, the so-called secondary head spot cells can be homologised between crayfish and the grasshopper. In the grasshopper, these cells are supposed to be involved in establishing the primary axon scaffold of the brain. Our data provide the first example for a cluster of brain neurons that can be homologised between insects and crustaceans and show that even at the level of certain cell groups, brain structures are evolutionary conserved in these two groups.

摘要

传统上,六足动物被视为多足动物的近亲(气管动物假说),但分子研究对这一假说提出了挑战,反而表明六足动物与甲壳类动物关系密切(四联体假说)。在这场新的争论中,有关节肢动物神经系统结构和发育的数据提供了重要的新数据(“神经系统发育学”)。神经系统发育学研究已经提供了几个例子,证明昆虫和甲壳类动物腹神经索中可单独识别的神经元是同源的。在本报告中,我们分析了孤雌生殖的小龙虾——大理石纹螯虾(Marmorkrebs)胚胎大脑中表达Engrailed的细胞的出现情况,并将我们的发现与之前报道的昆虫模式进行了比较。我们的数据表明,在视觉原基中一组六个表达Engrailed的神经元,即所谓的次级头斑细胞,在小龙虾和蚱蜢之间是同源的。在蚱蜢中,这些细胞被认为参与建立大脑的初级轴突支架。我们的数据为昆虫和甲壳类动物之间可同源的脑神经元簇提供了第一个例子,并表明即使在某些细胞群水平上,这两类动物的脑结构在进化上也是保守的。

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