Jagannathan Jay, Kanter Adam S, Sheehan Jason P, Jane John A, Laws Edward R
Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia Health System, PO Box 800212, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0711, USA.
Neurol Clin. 2007 Nov;25(4):1231-49, xi. doi: 10.1016/j.ncl.2007.07.003.
Neoplasms of the sellar region include pituitary adenomas, craniopharyngiomas, Rathke's cleft cysts, and, less commonly, meningiomas, germinomas, and hamartomas. Each of these entities has unique diagnostic and treatment considerations. Pituitary adenomas are the most common sellar mass found in adults, whereas craniopharyngiomas account for the majority of pediatric sellar masses. The diagnosis of sellar lesions involves a multidisciplinary effort; detailed endocrinologic, ophthalmologic, and neurologic tests are critical. The management of pituitary tumors varies. For most tumors, transsphenoidal resection remains the mainstay of treatment. Less invasive modalities, such as endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery, specific chemotherapeutic drugs, and stereotactic radiosurgery, show promise as adjuvant treatment modalities.
鞍区肿瘤包括垂体腺瘤、颅咽管瘤、拉克氏囊肿，较少见的还有脑膜瘤、生殖细胞瘤和错构瘤。这些肿瘤各自都有独特的诊断和治疗要点。垂体腺瘤是成人中最常见的鞍区肿块，而颅咽管瘤则占儿童鞍区肿块的大多数。鞍区病变的诊断需要多学科协作；详细的内分泌、眼科和神经学检查至关重要。垂体肿瘤的治疗方法各不相同。对于大多数肿瘤，经蝶窦切除术仍是主要的治疗方法。侵入性较小的治疗方式，如内镜经蝶窦手术、特定的化疗药物和立体定向放射外科手术，有望成为辅助治疗方式。
