Allard R H B, Lips P, Eekhoff E M W, van Merkesteyn J P R, van der Waal I
Afdeling Mondziekten en Kaak- en aangezichtschirurgie van het VU medisch centrum in Amsterdam/Academisch Centrum Tandheelkunde Amsterdam (ACTA).
Ned Tijdschr Tandheelkd. 2007 Oct;114(10):423-7.
Bisphosphonates are generally administered either orally or intravenously. Orally administered bisphosphonates are primarilly used in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis, glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis, and Paget's disease. When orally administered, only about 1% is absorbed from the tractus from the tractus digestivus. With intravenous administration, higher blood levels levels are reached. Intravenously administered bisphosphonates are used in the treatment of hypercalcaemia, Kahler's disease, and bone metastases of other malignancies. A few cases of osteonecrosis of the jaw(s) are seen especially when more powerful bisphosphonates are administered intravenously. This osteonecrosis is most often provoked by means of an invasive oral treatment. Bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis is very difficult to treat. Therefore, dental preventive measures and treatment of dental foci and other inflammations are recommended before starting bisphosphonate therapy.
双膦酸盐通常通过口服或静脉注射给药。口服双膦酸盐主要用于治疗绝经后骨质疏松症、糖皮质激素诱导的骨质疏松症和佩吉特病。口服时，只有约1%从消化道吸收。静脉注射时，可达到更高的血药浓度。静脉注射双膦酸盐用于治疗高钙血症、卡勒病和其他恶性肿瘤的骨转移。尤其是在静脉注射更强效的双膦酸盐时，会出现少数颌骨坏死病例。这种骨坏死最常由侵入性口腔治疗引发。双膦酸盐相关的骨坏死很难治疗。因此，建议在开始双膦酸盐治疗前采取牙齿预防措施，并治疗牙灶和其他炎症。
