Bagga A, Kabra S K, Srivastava R N
Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi.
Indian Pediatr. 1991 Oct;28(10):1125-8.
In order to evaluate the prescription practices on gentamicin, we screened retrospectively the case records of 600 patients admitted to this hospital. Of these, 100 received gentamicin, in combination with other antibiotics, as the initial treatment. Therapy with gentamicin was considered to be indicated in 71 cases; 62% were below 1 year. Patients with neonatal septicemia, meningitis, serious staphylococcal infections and those who were immunocompromised received appropriate treatment with the drug. All the bacteria cultured were sensitive to the antibiotic. Gentamicin was unnecessarily prescribed to 29 cases including bronchial asthma (n = 7), bronchiolitis (n = 6) and acute gastroenteritis with dehydration (n = 8). In most of the latter cases, the use of gentamicin indicated the psychologic dependence, of the physician, on the drug. Nine patients showed gentamicin-related nephrotoxicity. Formulation of standard treatment guidelines and regular medical audits are necessary to improve quality of prescribing and avoid misuse of drugs.
为了评估庆大霉素的处方使用情况，我们回顾性筛查了本院600例住院患者的病历。其中，100例患者接受了庆大霉素联合其他抗生素作为初始治疗。71例患者被认为有使用庆大霉素治疗的指征；62%的患者年龄在1岁以下。患有新生儿败血症、脑膜炎、严重葡萄球菌感染以及免疫功能低下的患者接受了该药的适当治疗。所有培养出的细菌均对该抗生素敏感。有29例患者被不必要地开具了庆大霉素，包括支气管哮喘（7例）、细支气管炎（6例）和急性胃肠炎伴脱水（8例）。在大多数后一种情况下，使用庆大霉素表明医生对该药存在心理依赖。9例患者出现了与庆大霉素相关的肾毒性。制定标准治疗指南和定期进行医疗审核对于提高处方质量和避免药物滥用是必要的。
