Briñol Pablo, Petty Richard E, Barden Jamie
Department of Social Psychology and Methodology, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2007 Nov;93(5):711-27. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.93.5.711.
The present research introduces a new mechanism by which emotion can affect evaluation. On the basis of the self-validation hypothesis (R. E. Petty, P. Briñol, & Z. L. Tormala), the authors predicted and found that emotion can influence evaluative judgments by affecting the confidence people have in their thoughts to a persuasive message. In each study, participants first read a strong or weak persuasive communication. After listing their thoughts about the message, participants were induced to feel happy or sad. Relative to sad participants, those put in a happy state reported more thought confidence. As a consequence, the effect of argument quality on attitudes was greater for happy than for sad participants. These self-validation effects generalized across different emotion inductions, different persuasion topics, and different measures of thought confidence. In one study, happy and sad conditions each differed from a neutral affect control. Most important, these metacognitive effects of emotion only occurred under high elaboration conditions. In contrast, individuals with relatively low motivation to think showed a main effect of emotion on attitudes, regardless of argument quality.
本研究提出了一种情绪影响评价的新机制。基于自我验证假说（R.E. 佩蒂、P. 布里尼奥尔和Z.L. 托马拉），作者预测并发现，情绪可通过影响人们对说服性信息的想法的信心来影响评价判断。在每项研究中，参与者首先阅读一篇有力或无力的说服性沟通内容。在列出他们对该信息的想法后，参与者被诱导产生快乐或悲伤的情绪。相对于悲伤的参与者，处于快乐状态的参与者报告的想法信心更强。因此，论点质量对态度的影响在快乐的参与者中比在悲伤的参与者中更大。这些自我验证效应在不同的情绪诱导、不同的说服主题以及不同的想法信心测量方法中都普遍存在。在一项研究中，快乐和悲伤条件均与中性情绪控制条件不同。最重要的是，情绪的这些元认知效应仅在高精细化条件下出现。相比之下，思考动机相对较低的个体表现出情绪对态度的主效应，而与论点质量无关。
