Peterson Bradley S, Choi HuiMahn A, Hao Xuejun, Amat Jose A, Zhu Hongtu, Whiteman Ronald, Liu Jun, Xu Dongrong, Bansal Ravi
Columbia College of Physicians and Surgeons and New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Dr, Unit 74, New York, NY 10032, USa.
Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2007 Nov;64(11):1281-91. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.64.11.1281.
Limbic portions of cortical-subcortical circuits are likely involved in the pathogenesis of Tourette syndrome (TS). They are anatomically, developmentally, neurochemically, and functionally related to the basal ganglia, and the basal ganglia are thought to produce the symptoms of tics, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder that commonly affect persons with TS.
To study the morphologic features of the hippocampus and amygdala in children and adults with TS.
A cross-sectional, case-control study using anatomical magnetic resonance imaging.
University research center.
A total of 282 individuals (154 patients with TS and 128 controls) aged 6 to 63 years.
Volumes and measures of surface morphologic features of the hippocampus and amygdala.
The overall volumes of the hippocampus and amygdala were significantly larger in the TS group. Surface analyses suggested that the increased volumes in the TS group derived primarily from the head and medial surface of the hippocampus (over the length of the dentate gyrus) and the dorsal and ventral surfaces of the amygdala (over its basolateral and central nuclei). Volumes of these subregions declined with age in the TS group but not in controls, so the subregions were significantly larger in children with TS but significantly smaller in adults with TS than in their control counterparts. In children and adults, volumes in these subregions correlated inversely with the severity of tic, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms, suggesting that enlargement of the subregions may have a compensatory and neuromodulatory effect on tic-related symptoms.
These findings are consistent with the known plasticity of the dentate gyrus and with findings from previous imaging studies suggesting the presence of failed compensatory plasticity in adults with TS who have not experienced the usual decline in symptoms during adolescence.
皮质 - 皮质下回路的边缘部分可能参与抽动秽语综合征（TS）的发病机制。它们在解剖学、发育、神经化学和功能上与基底神经节相关，并且基底神经节被认为会产生通常影响抽动秽语综合征患者的抽动、强迫症和注意力缺陷多动障碍症状。
研究抽动秽语综合征儿童和成人海马体和杏仁核的形态学特征。
一项使用解剖磁共振成像的横断面病例对照研究。
大学研究中心。
共282名年龄在6至63岁的个体（154名抽动秽语综合征患者和128名对照）。
海马体和杏仁核的体积及表面形态特征测量值。
抽动秽语综合征组中海马体和杏仁核的总体积显著更大。表面分析表明，抽动秽语综合征组体积增加主要源于海马体的头部和内侧表面（在齿状回长度上）以及杏仁核的背侧和腹侧表面（在其基底外侧和中央核上）。在抽动秽语综合征组中，这些亚区域的体积随年龄下降，但在对照组中并非如此，因此与对照对象相比，抽动秽语综合征儿童的这些亚区域显著更大，而抽动秽语综合征成人的则显著更小。在儿童和成人中，这些亚区域的体积与抽动、强迫症和注意力缺陷多动障碍症状的严重程度呈负相关，表明这些亚区域的扩大可能对抽动相关症状具有代偿和神经调节作用。
这些发现与齿状回已知的可塑性一致，也与先前影像学研究的结果一致，这些研究表明在青春期未经历症状通常下降的抽动秽语综合征成人中存在代偿性可塑性失败的情况。
