Herting Gunilla, Goidanich Sara, Odnevall Wallinder Inger, Leygraf Christofer
Div. Corrosion Science, KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Dr. Kristinas v. 51, Stockholm, Sweden.
Environ Monit Assess. 2008 Sep;144(1-3):455-61. doi: 10.1007/s10661-007-0008-5. Epub 2007 Nov 6.
A 2-year field study has been conducted in an urban environment to provide annual release rates of copper and zinc from brass (20 wt% Zn) and copper and tin from bronze (6 wt% Sn) compared to sheets of their pure alloy constituents, copper and zinc. Despite relatively low nominal bulk alloy content, substantially more zinc was released from brass compared to copper. Both metals were released at a significantly slower rate from the brass alloy, compared to the pure metals. The proportion of release rates of copper and zinc from the alloy differed significantly from their proportions in the bulk alloy. Bronze showed relatively constant release rates of copper, being similar to that of pure copper sheet. The release of tin from bronze was negligible. The results clearly show that alloys and the pure metals behave very differently when exposed to rainwater. Accordingly, release rates from pure metals cannot be used to predict release rates of individual constituents from their alloys. Generated data are of importance within REACH, the new chemical policy of the European commission, where metal alloys erroneously are being treated as mixtures of chemical substances.
在城市环境中进行了一项为期两年的实地研究，以提供黄铜（含20 wt%锌）中铜和锌以及青铜（含6 wt%锡）中铜和锡的年释放率，并与它们的纯合金成分铜和锌板材进行比较。尽管名义上的合金总体含量相对较低，但与铜相比，黄铜释放出的锌要多得多。与纯金属相比，这两种金属从黄铜合金中的释放速度明显更慢。合金中铜和锌的释放率比例与它们在总体合金中的比例有显著差异。青铜的铜释放率相对恒定，与纯铜板相似。青铜中锡的释放可以忽略不计。结果清楚地表明，合金和纯金属在接触雨水时表现出非常不同的行为。因此，不能用纯金属的释放率来预测其合金中各成分的释放率。生成的数据对于欧盟委员会新的化学政策“化学品注册、评估、授权和限制法规”（REACH）具有重要意义，在该政策中，金属合金被错误地当作化学物质的混合物来处理。
