Wolosin Sasha M, Richardson Marin E, Hennessey Joseph G, Denckla Martha B, Mostofsky Stewart H
Kennedy Krieger Institute, 707 North Broadway, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.
Hum Brain Mapp. 2009 Jan;30(1):175-84. doi: 10.1002/hbm.20496.
Examination of cerebral cortical structure in children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) has thus far been principally limited to volume measures. In the current study, an automated surface-based analysis technique was used to examine the ADHD-associated differences in additional morphologic features of cerebral cortical gray matter structure, including surface area, thickness, and cortical folding.
MPRAGE images were acquired from 21 children with ADHD (9 girls) and 35 typically developing controls (15 girls), aged 8-12 years. Statistical difference maps were used to compare mean cortical thickness between groups along the cortical surface. Cortical volume, surface area, mean thickness, and cortical folding were measured within regions of interest, including the right/left hemispheres, frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes within each hemisphere, and sub-lobar regions.
Children with ADHD showed a decrease in total cerebral volume and total cortical volume of over 7 and 8%, respectively; volume reduction was observed throughout the cortex, with significant reduction in all four lobes bilaterally. The ADHD group also showed a decrease in surface area of over 7% bilaterally, and a significant decrease in cortical folding bilaterally. No significant differences in cortical thickness were detected.
Results from the present study reveal that ADHD is associated with decreased cortical volume, surface area, and folding throughout the cerebral cortex. The findings suggest that decreased cortical folding is a key morphologic feature associated with ADHD. This would be consistent with onset early in neural development and could help to identify neurodevelopmental mechanisms that contribute to ADHD.
迄今为止，对注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）儿童大脑皮质结构的检查主要局限于体积测量。在本研究中，使用了一种基于表面的自动分析技术，以检查ADHD相关的大脑皮质灰质结构其他形态学特征的差异，包括表面积、厚度和皮质折叠。
从21名ADHD儿童（9名女孩）和35名发育正常的对照儿童（15名女孩）中采集了MPRAGE图像，年龄在8至12岁之间。使用统计差异图比较两组沿皮质表面的平均皮质厚度。在感兴趣区域内测量皮质体积、表面积、平均厚度和皮质折叠，包括右/左半球、每个半球内的额叶、颞叶、顶叶和枕叶以及叶下区域。
ADHD儿童的全脑体积和总皮质体积分别减少了7%以上和8%以上；整个皮质均观察到体积减少，双侧四个脑叶均有显著减少。ADHD组双侧表面积也减少了7%以上，双侧皮质折叠显著减少。未检测到皮质厚度的显著差异。
本研究结果表明，ADHD与整个大脑皮质的皮质体积、表面积和折叠减少有关。研究结果表明，皮质折叠减少是与ADHD相关的关键形态学特征。这与神经发育早期发病一致，并有助于确定导致ADHD的神经发育机制。
