Lee G S
Department of Renal Medicine, Singapore General Hospital.
Ann Acad Med Singap. 1991 Jul;20(4):519-23.
While awaiting renal transplantation, patients with end-stage renal failure frequently have to spend a period of time on dialysis. Although dialysis controls uraemia, the patient undergoing dialysis still faces problems related to the continuing uraemic state such as anaemia, renal bone disease, malnutrition and cardiovascular complications. Apart from the problems related to uraemia, patients on dialysis are also exposed to problems that are peculiar to the mode of dialysis. In haemodialysis, patients face complications related to the use of heparin and dialyser related problems such as air embolism and haemolysis. Patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) are exposed to complications such as infection, hernias and hypertriglyceridaemia. The introduction of hormone therapy with erythropoietin and vitamin D and recent advances in dialysate solutions and biocompatibility of membranes in haemodialysis and in control of infection and a better understanding of peritoneal kinetics in CAPD have helped to overcome some of the problems in dialysis patients.
在等待肾移植期间，终末期肾衰竭患者常常需要花费一段时间进行透析。尽管透析能控制尿毒症，但接受透析的患者仍面临与持续尿毒症状态相关的问题，如贫血、肾性骨病、营养不良和心血管并发症。除了与尿毒症相关的问题外，透析患者还面临透析方式特有的问题。在血液透析中，患者面临与使用肝素相关的并发症以及诸如空气栓塞和溶血等与透析器相关的问题。持续非卧床腹膜透析（CAPD）患者则面临感染、疝气和高甘油三酯血症等并发症。促红细胞生成素和维生素D激素疗法的引入，以及血液透析中透析液溶液和膜生物相容性方面的最新进展，以及CAPD中感染控制和对腹膜动力学的更好理解，有助于克服透析患者的一些问题。
