Copeland Aaron J, Decoster Laura C, Swartz Erik E, Gattie Eric R, Gale Stephanie D
New Hampshire Musculoskeletal Institute, Manchester, New Hampshire, USA.
Clin J Sport Med. 2007 Nov;17(6):452-7. doi: 10.1097/JSM.0b013e31815b187d.
To compare effectiveness of two techniques for removing football face masks: cutting loop straps [cutting tool: FMXtractor (FMX)] or removing screws with a cordless screwdriver and using the FMXtractor as needed for failed removals [combined tool (CT)]. Null hypotheses: no differences in face mask removal success, removal time or difficulty between techniques or helmet characteristics.
Retrospective, cross-sectional.
NOCSAE-certified helmet reconditioning plants.
600 used high school helmets.
Face mask removal attempted with two techniques.
Success, removal time, rating of perceived exertion (RPE).
Both techniques were effective [CT 100% (300/300); FMX 99.4% (298/300)]. Use of the backup FMXtractor in CT trials was required in 19% of trials. There was significantly (P<0.001) less call for the backup tool in helmets with silver screws (6%) than in helmets with other screws (31%). Mean removal time was 44.51+/-18.79s (CT: 37.84+/-15.37s, FMX: 51.21+/-19.54s; P<0.001). RPE was different between techniques (CT: 1.83+/-1.20, FMX: 3.11+/-1.27; P<0.001). Removal from helmets with silver screws was faster (Silver=33.38+/-11.03, Others=42.18+/-17.64; P<0.001) and easier (Silver=1.42+/-0.89, Other=2.23+/-1.33; P<0.001).
CT was faster and easier than FMX. Most CT trials were completed with the screwdriver alone; helmets with silver screws had 94% screwdriver success. Clinically, these findings are important because this and other research shows that compared to removal with cutting tools, screwdriver removal decreases time, difficulty and helmet movement (reducing potential for iatrogenic injury). The combined-tool approach captures benefits of the screwdriver while offering a contingency for screw removal failure. Teams should use degradation-resistant screws.
Sports medicine professionals must be prepared with appropriate tools and techniques to efficiently remove the face mask from an injured football player's helmet.
比较两种去除橄榄球面罩的技术的有效性：剪断环形带[切割工具：FMXtractor（FMX）]或用无绳螺丝刀拧下螺丝，并在拧螺丝失败时按需使用FMXtractor[组合工具（CT）]。零假设：两种技术或头盔特征在面罩去除成功率、去除时间或难度上无差异。
回顾性横断面研究。
经美国国家运动装备标准认证委员会（NOCSAE）认证的头盔翻新厂。
600个二手高中头盔。
尝试用两种技术去除面罩。
成功率、去除时间、主观用力程度评分（RPE）。
两种技术均有效[CT为100%（300/300）；FMX为99.4%（298/300）]。在CT试验中，19%的试验需要使用备用的FMXtractor。与其他螺丝的头盔相比，银色螺丝头盔对备用工具的需求显著更少（6%对比31%，P<0.001）。平均去除时间为44.51±18.79秒（CT：37.84±15.37秒，FMX：51.21±19.54秒；P<0.001）。两种技术的RPE不同（CT：1.83±1.20，FMX：3.11±1.27；P<0.001）。从银色螺丝头盔上移除面罩更快（银色螺丝头盔=33.38±11.03秒，其他螺丝头盔=42.18±17.64秒；P<0.001）且更容易（银色螺丝头盔=1.42±0.89，其他螺丝头盔=2.23±1.33；P<0.001）。
CT比FMX更快且更容易。大多数CT试验仅用螺丝刀就完成了；银色螺丝头盔用螺丝刀成功移除的比例为94%。在临床上，这些发现很重要，因为这项研究和其他研究表明，与用切割工具移除相比，用螺丝刀移除可减少时间、难度和头盔移动（降低医源性损伤的可能性）。组合工具方法既利用了螺丝刀的优点，又为螺丝移除失败提供了应急方案。各球队应使用抗降解螺丝。
运动医学专业人员必须准备好合适的工具和技术，以便有效地从受伤橄榄球运动员的头盔上移除面罩。
