Department of Athletic Training, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Avenue, 118 Health Sciences, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, USA.
J Athl Train. 2012 Jul-Aug;47(4):428-34. doi: 10.4085/1062-6050-47.4.10.
Whereas many researchers have assessed the ability to remove loop straps in traditional face-mask attachment systems after at least 1 season of use, research in which the effectiveness of the Riddell Quick Release (QR) Face Guard Attachment System clip after 1 season has been assessed is limited.
To examine the success rate of removing the QR clips after 1 season of use at the Football Championship Subdivision level. We hypothesized that 1 season of use would negatively affect the removal rate of the QR clip but repeated clip-removal trials would improve the removal rate.
Retrospective, quasi-experimental design.
Controlled laboratory study.
Sixty-three football helmets from a National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I university located in western Pennsylvania used during the 2008 season were tested.
INTERVENTION(S): Three certified athletic trainers (2 men, 1 woman; age = 31.3 ± 3.06 years, time certified = 9.42 ± 2.65 years) attempted to remove the QR clips from each helmet with the tool provided by the manufacturer. Helmets then were reassembled to allow each athletic trainer to attempt clip removal.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): The dependent variables were total left clips removed (TCR-L), total right clips removed (TCR-R), and total clips removed (TCR). Success rate of clip removal (SRCR) also was assessed.
Percentages for TCR-L, TCR-R, and TCR were 100% (189 of 189), 96.30% (182 of 189), and 98.15% (371 of 378), respectively. A paired-samples t test revealed a difference between TCR-R and TCR-L (t(188) = 2.689, P = .008, μ(d) = 0.037, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.064, 0.010). The percentage for SRCR was 96.30% (n = 182), whereas SRCR percentages for trials 1, 2, and 3 were 95.24% (n = 60), 98.41% (n = 62), and 95.24% (n = 60), respectively, and did not represent a difference (F(2,186) = 0.588, P = .56, 95% (CI) = 0.94, 0.99).
Our results indicated favorable and consistent success rates for QR clip removal after 1 season of use. Whereas the QR clip is an advancement in face-mask technology, continued examination of this system is required to ensure the highest level of function, allowing for effective management of the helmeted athlete.
虽然许多研究人员已经评估了传统面罩附件系统中的 Loop 带在至少一个赛季使用后的去除能力，但评估 Riddell 快速释放（QR）面罩附件系统夹在一个赛季后的有效性的研究是有限的。
在大学足球锦标赛分区一级评估 QR 夹在一个赛季使用后的去除成功率。我们假设一个赛季的使用会对 QR 夹的去除率产生负面影响，但重复的夹去除试验会提高去除率。
回顾性、准实验设计。
受控实验室研究。
宾夕法尼亚州西部一所美国大学运动协会一级分区的 63 顶橄榄球头盔在 2008 赛季使用时进行了测试。
三名认证的运动训练师（2 男，1 女；年龄=31.3±3.06 岁，认证时间=9.42±2.65 年）使用制造商提供的工具尝试从每个头盔上取下 QR 夹。头盔然后重新组装，以便每个运动训练师都可以尝试夹的去除。
因变量为左夹总去除数（TCR-L）、右夹总去除数（TCR-R）和总夹去除数（TCR）。夹去除成功率（SRCR）也进行了评估。
TCR-L、TCR-R 和 TCR 的百分比分别为 100%（189/189）、96.30%（182/189）和 98.15%（371/378）。配对样本 t 检验显示 TCR-R 和 TCR-L 之间存在差异（t（188）=2.689，P=.008，μ（d）=0.037，95%置信区间[CI]为 0.064，0.010）。SRCR 的百分比为 96.30%（n=182），而试验 1、2 和 3 的 SRCR 百分比分别为 95.24%（n=60）、98.41%（n=62）和 95.24%（n=60），没有差异（F（2,186）=0.588，P=.56，95%CI=0.94，0.99）。
我们的结果表明，QR 夹在一个赛季使用后的去除成功率良好且一致。虽然 QR 夹是面罩技术的一项进步，但需要继续检查该系统，以确保其具有最高的功能水平，从而有效管理戴头盔的运动员。
