Bishop Somer, Gahagan Sheila, Lord Catherine
University of Michigan Autism and Communication Disorders Center, Ann Arbor 48109, USA.
J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2007 Nov;48(11):1111-21. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01782.x.
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) are both characterized by social difficulties, but overall clinical descriptions of the two disorders are different.
Twenty-nine children with autism and 33 children with pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS) were compared to 29 children with FASD of equivalent age and full-scale IQ. To isolate social deficits that are most unique to ASD, all participants were administered the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS). Parents of the children completed the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R).
Difficulties in initiating social interaction, sharing affect, and using nonverbal communication were common in children with ASD but rare in children with FASD. Socially inappropriate behaviors and difficulty with peers were common in both groups.
These findings suggest that whereas propensity for social interaction appears to be a differentiating factor between children with ASD and those with non-spectrum disorders, impaired quality of social interaction may be less diagnostically discriminative.
自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）和胎儿酒精谱系障碍（FASD）均以社交困难为特征，但这两种障碍的总体临床描述有所不同。
将29名自闭症儿童和33名未特定指明的广泛性发育障碍（PDD-NOS）儿童与29名年龄和全量表智商相当的FASD儿童进行比较。为了分离出ASD最独特的社交缺陷，所有参与者都接受了自闭症诊断观察量表（ADOS）测试。儿童的父母完成了自闭症诊断访谈修订版（ADI-R）。
发起社交互动、分享情感和使用非言语沟通方面的困难在ASD儿童中很常见，但在FASD儿童中很少见。社交不适当行为和与同伴相处困难在两组中都很常见。
这些发现表明，社交互动倾向似乎是ASD儿童与非谱系障碍儿童之间的一个区分因素，而社交互动质量受损在诊断上的区分性可能较小。
