Adger H
Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21205.
J Adolesc Health. 1991 Dec;12(8):606-13. doi: 10.1016/1054-139x(91)90008-l.
In summary, although there has been much progress, alcohol and other drug use and abuse in adolescents remains a major medical and public health problem. Epidemiological studies of adolescents and young adults provide important information about the frequency, quantity, and types of drugs used among these populations. A number of theories on causation and initiation of use of alcohol and other drugs have been postulated, and each adds important new information to the field. Impressive gains have been made in the identification of risk profiles which lead to alcohol and other drug use. Although this work has been comprehensive in its approach, studying the influences of family and peer factors, psychological and biological variables, and environmental and demographic characteristics, many questions remain unanswered with regard to the distinguishing features of those at risk who progress to problem use. Additionally, although treatment programs have been developed specifically to meet the special needs of adolescents, treatment outcome studies and better assessment procedures to determine which adolescents need which specific types of treatment are still needed. Finally, effective physician education strategies are needed to ensure appropriate practice behaviors among health care providers, who should be an important link in the coordination of efforts as the health care community responds to the problem of alcohol and other drug abuse.
总之，尽管已经取得了很大进展，但青少年饮酒及其他药物使用和滥用仍然是一个重大的医学和公共卫生问题。对青少年和青年的流行病学研究提供了有关这些人群中使用药物的频率、数量和类型的重要信息。关于酒精和其他药物使用的因果关系及起始因素，已经提出了许多理论，每一种理论都为该领域增添了重要的新信息。在识别导致饮酒和其他药物使用的风险概况方面已经取得了显著进展。尽管这项工作在方法上很全面，研究了家庭和同伴因素、心理和生物学变量以及环境和人口特征的影响，但对于那些发展为问题使用的高危人群的显著特征，仍有许多问题没有得到解答。此外，尽管已经专门制定了治疗方案以满足青少年的特殊需求，但仍需要治疗结果研究和更好的评估程序来确定哪些青少年需要哪种特定类型的治疗。最后，需要有效的医生教育策略，以确保医疗保健提供者的适当执业行为，在医疗保健界应对酒精和其他药物滥用问题时，他们应是协调工作的重要环节。
