Miller Cari L, Firestone Michelle, Ramos Rebeca, Burris Scott, Ramos Maria Elena, Case Patricia, Brouwer Kimberly C, Fraga Miguel Angel, Strathdee Steffanie A
University of California School of Medicine, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, Division of International Health & Cross-Cultural Medicine, USA.
Int J Drug Policy. 2008 Aug;19(4):324-31. doi: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2007.06.002. Epub 2007 Nov 9.
Previous research has identified the impact of law enforcement practices on the behaviours and health of injection drug users (IDUs). We undertook a qualitative study of IDUs' experiences of policing practices in two Mexican cities on the U.S. border.
In 2004, two teams of Mexican interviewers conducted in-depth interviews with IDUs residing in Tijuana and Ciudad Juarez (Cd. Juarez), Mexico, who had injected drugs at least once in the prior month. Topics included types of drug used, injection settings, access to sterile needles and experiences with police. Field notes and transcribed interviews were analysed to identify emergent themes.
Amongst the 43 participants, most reported that it is common for IDUs to be arrested and detained for 36h for carrying sterile or used syringes. Most reported that they or someone they knew had been beaten by police. Interviews suggested five key themes relating to police influence on the risk environment: (1) impact of policing practices on accessibility of sterile syringes, (2) influence of police on choice of places to inject drugs (e.g., shooting galleries), (3) police violence, (4) police corruption and (5) perceived changes in policing practices.
Findings suggest that some behaviour of police officers in Tijuana and Cd. Juarez is inconsistent with legal norms and may be negatively influencing the risk of acquiring blood-borne infections amongst IDUs. Implementing a comprehensive and successful HIV prevention programme amongst IDUs requires interventions to influence the knowledge, attitudes and practices of law enforcement officers.
先前的研究已确定执法行为对注射吸毒者（IDU）的行为和健康的影响。我们对美国边境的两个墨西哥城市中注射吸毒者的治安执法经历进行了一项定性研究。
2004年，两组墨西哥访谈人员对居住在墨西哥蒂华纳和华雷斯城（华雷斯城）、前一个月至少有过一次注射吸毒经历的注射吸毒者进行了深入访谈。主题包括使用的毒品类型、注射场所、无菌针头的获取情况以及与警方的经历。对实地记录和访谈转录本进行分析，以确定新出现的主题。
在43名参与者中，大多数人报告称，注射吸毒者因携带无菌或用过的注射器而被逮捕和拘留36小时的情况很常见。大多数人报告说他们自己或他们认识的人曾遭到警察殴打。访谈提出了与警方对风险环境的影响相关的五个关键主题：（1）治安执法行为对无菌注射器可及性的影响，（2）警方对注射毒品地点选择（如射击馆）的影响，（3）警察暴力，（4）警察腐败，以及（5）对治安执法行为变化的认知。
研究结果表明，蒂华纳和华雷斯城警察的一些行为不符合法律规范，可能会对注射吸毒者感染血源性感染的风险产生负面影响。在注射吸毒者中实施全面且成功的艾滋病毒预防计划需要采取干预措施，以影响执法人员的知识、态度和行为。
