Lindemann M D, Brendemuhl J H, Chiba L I, Darroch C S, Dove C R, Estienne M J, Harper A F
S-145 Regional Research Committee on Nutrition and Management of Swine for Increased Reproduction Efficiency, Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546, USA.
J Anim Sci. 2008 Feb;86(2):333-8. doi: 10.2527/jas.2007-0153. Epub 2007 Nov 12.
A regional study involving 443 litters from 182 sows was conducted at 5 cooperating experiment stations to determine the effects of an i.m. injection of vitamin A at weaning and breeding on subsequent litter size of sows. Sows were assigned to 1 of 3 treatments given at weaning and again at breeding: 1) a placebo i.m. injection (2 mL of corn oil), 2) i.m. injection with 250,000 IU of vitamin A (1 mL of vitamin A palmitate in oil), and 3) i.m. injection with 500,000 IU of vitamin A (2 mL of vitamin A palmitate in oil). Corn-soybean meal diets in gestation were formulated to contain 13% CP and 0.60% total Lys. Lactation diets were formulated to contain 17% CP and 0.90% Lys. A common vitamin-mineral premix that supplied 11,000 IU of vitamin A/kg of diet (as-fed) was used by all stations. As expected, station effects were noted for many response measures. Analysis of the data also revealed both treatment x station and treatment x parity interactions for litter size responses. The treatment x parity interactions were stronger than the treatment x station effects, and when the litter size response was separated into early parity sows (parity 1 and 2) and late-parity sows (parity 3 to 6), the treatment x station interactions were no longer present in either subgroup. For sows of parity 1 and 2, litter sizes were increased linearly (P <or= 0.003) for treatment 1 to 3, respectively, for the total (10.15, 12.14, and 13.18), live born (9.70, 11.14, and 12.16), and weaned (8.92, 10.12, and 10.60) piglets. For sows of parity 3 to 6, litter sizes were not affected for treatment 1 to 3, respectively, for the total (11.82, 11.71, and 11.46), live born (10.82, 10.64, and 10.23), and weaned (8.65, 9.01, 8.79) piglets. Piglet BW were affected (P < 0.001) by station and were associated with station differences (P < 0.05) in lactation length. Piglet BW decreased due to vitamin A treatment in parity 1 and 2 sows (linear, P <or= 0.026) and was likely due to the differences observed in litter size. The results of this regional project demonstrated that injection of high doses of vitamin A in young sows at weaning and breeding improves the subsequent number of pigs born and weaned per litter, indicating that vitamin A requirements for maximal performance may vary with age.
在5个合作实验站进行了一项区域研究，涉及182头母猪的443窝仔猪，以确定在断奶和配种时肌肉注射维生素A对母猪后续产仔数的影响。母猪被分配到断奶和配种时给予的3种处理中的1种：1）肌肉注射安慰剂（2毫升玉米油），2）肌肉注射250,000国际单位维生素A（1毫升油状维生素A棕榈酸酯），3）肌肉注射500,000国际单位维生素A（2毫升油状维生素A棕榈酸酯）。妊娠期的玉米-豆粕日粮配方为含13%粗蛋白和0.60%总赖氨酸。泌乳期日粮配方为含17%粗蛋白和0.90%赖氨酸。所有实验站都使用了一种通用的维生素-矿物质预混料，每千克日粮（按喂食量计）提供11,000国际单位维生素A。正如预期的那样，许多反应指标都存在实验站效应。对数据的分析还揭示了产仔数反应的处理×实验站和处理×胎次交互作用。处理×胎次交互作用比处理×实验站效应更强，当将产仔数反应分为初产母猪（第1和第2胎）和经产母猪（第3至第6胎）时，处理×实验站交互作用在两个亚组中均不再存在。对于第1和第2胎的母猪，处理1至3的总产仔数（分别为10.15、12.14和13.18）、活产仔数（分别为9.70、11.14和12.16）和断奶仔猪数（分别为8.92、10.12和10.60）均呈线性增加（P≤0.003）。对于第3至第6胎的母猪，处理1至3的总产仔数（分别为11.82、11.71和11.46）、活产仔数（分别为10.82、10.64和10.23）和断奶仔猪数（分别为8.65、9.01、8.79）均未受影响。仔猪体重受实验站影响（P<0.001），且与泌乳期长度的实验站差异相关（P<0.05）。第1和第2胎母猪的仔猪体重因维生素A处理而降低（线性，P≤0.026），这可能是由于产仔数的差异所致。该区域项目的结果表明，在断奶和配种时给年轻母猪注射高剂量维生素A可提高后续每窝出生和断奶的仔猪数量，这表明达到最佳性能所需的维生素A需求量可能随年龄而变化。
