Peters J C, Mahan D C
The Ohio State University, and The Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Columbus 43210-1095, USA.
J Anim Sci. 2008 Sep;86(9):2247-60. doi: 10.2527/jas.2007-0431. Epub 2008 Apr 11.
Dietary trace mineral sources and levels were fed to developing gilts to evaluate their performance responses during the growth phase, but treatments were continued into the reproductive phase in which subsequent reproductive responses were evaluated. In Exp. 1, three groups of gilts (n = 216) were used in a 2 x 2 factorial in a randomized complete block design (6 replicates) with treatment diets initially fed at 30 kg of BW. The first factor was trace mineral source (organic or inorganic), whereas the second factor evaluated dietary levels. The NRC requirement was the first level evaluated, whereas the second level was formulated to average industry standards (IND). Organic trace minerals were mineral proteinates, whereas the inorganic minerals were provided in salt form. The results of Exp. 1 indicated that trace mineral source or level did not affect gilt growth or feed performance responses to 110 kg of BW. Experiment 2 continued with the same females but was a 2 x 3 factorial in a split-plot design using 3 groups of females over a 6-parity period and had a total of 375 farrowings. Factors in Exp. 2 were the same as in Exp. 1, except that 2 additional pens of gilts during their development had been fed the IND level trace mineral levels of both trace mineral sources. At breeding, the gilts from these 2 additional pens were continued on the same trace mineral source and level but fed greater dietary Ca and P levels (IND + Ca:P). Litters were standardized by 3 d postpartum within each farrowing. Sows fed organic trace minerals farrowed more (P < 0.05) total (12.2 vs. 11.3) and live pigs (11.3 vs. 10.6) compared with sows fed inorganic trace minerals. Sows fed the IND + Ca:P level tended to have fewer (P < 0.10) total pigs born for both trace mineral sources. Litter birth weights were heavier (P < 0.05) when sows were fed organic trace minerals, but individual piglet weights were similar. Nursing pig ADG tended to be greater (P < 0.10) when sows were fed organic trace minerals. Other sow reproductive traits (BW, feed intake, and rebreeding interval) were not affected by trace mineral source or level. Daily mineral intake increased by parity but declined when trace mineral intakes were expressed on an amount per kilogram of BW and declined during later lactations. These results suggest that feeding sows organic trace minerals may improve sow reproductive performance, but there were minimal effects on other reproductive measurements.
将不同来源和水平的膳食微量矿物质喂给生长中的后备母猪，以评估它们在生长阶段的性能反应，并且将这些处理持续到繁殖阶段，进而评估后续的繁殖反应。在实验1中，三组后备母猪（n = 216）采用随机完全区组设计的2×2析因实验（6个重复），处理日粮最初在体重30千克时开始饲喂。第一个因素是微量矿物质来源（有机或无机），而第二个因素评估日粮水平。首先评估的是NRC需求量水平，而第二个水平是按照行业平均标准（IND）制定的。有机微量矿物质为金属蛋白质盐，而无机矿物质以盐的形式提供。实验1的结果表明，微量矿物质来源或水平对后备母猪生长至110千克体重时的生长性能或饲料性能反应没有影响。实验2继续使用相同的母猪，但采用裂区设计的2×3析因实验，在6个胎次期间使用3组母猪，共有375窝产仔。实验2中的因素与实验1相同，不同之处在于，在后备母猪发育期间，另外两组后备母猪饲喂两种微量矿物质来源的IND水平微量矿物质。配种时，这另外两组后备母猪继续饲喂相同来源和水平的微量矿物质，但日粮中钙和磷的水平更高（IND + Ca:P）。每窝仔猪在产后3天内进行标准化。与饲喂无机微量矿物质的母猪相比，饲喂有机微量矿物质的母猪总产仔数（12.2对11.3）和活仔数（11.3对10.6）更多（P < 0.05）。对于两种微量矿物质来源，饲喂IND + Ca:P水平的母猪产仔总数往往更少（P < 0.10）。当母猪饲喂有机微量矿物质时，仔猪出生体重更重（P < 0.05），但个体仔猪体重相似。当母猪饲喂有机微量矿物质时，哺乳仔猪的平均日增重往往更大（P < 0.10）。其他母猪繁殖性状（体重、采食量和再次配种间隔）不受微量矿物质来源或水平的影响。每日矿物质摄入量随胎次增加，但以每千克体重计算的微量矿物质摄入量在后期泌乳期下降。这些结果表明，给母猪饲喂有机微量矿物质可能会提高母猪的繁殖性能，但对其他繁殖指标的影响很小。
