Rodriguez Alina, Järvelin Marjo-Riitta, Obel Carsten, Taanila Anja, Miettunen Jouko, Moilanen Irma, Henriksen Tine Brink, Pietiläinen Katri, Ebeling Hanna, Kotimaa Arto J, Linnet Karen Markussen, Olsen Jørn
Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Sweden.
BMC Public Health. 2007 Nov 13;7:327. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-7-327.
Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) affects many children, adolescents, and adults and is associated with a number of impairments. Poor academic performance is related to ADHD in clinical samples. However, it is unclear to what extent core ADHD symptoms and scholastic impairment are related in non-referred school-aged children.
Data come from three population-based cohorts from Sweden, Denmark, and Finland, which are part of the Nordic Network on ADHD. The combined sample size was 13,087 children who were studied at ages 7-8 or 10-12 years. Teachers rated children on inattention and hyperactivity symptoms and reported children's scholastic performance on basic skills.
There was a significant association in all cohorts between core ADHD symptoms and scholastic impairment in reading, writing, and mathematics. Particularly, inattention was related to a two to tenfold increase in scholastic impairment. Prevalence of hyperactivity symptoms was similar across the three cohorts, but inattention was lowest among children from the Finnish cohort, after stratification on living conditions.
These results extend previous reports of scholastic impairment among children with clinically diagnosed ADHD to non-referred population samples from three European countries. Surveillance policies should be implemented in school systems to catch children in need of behavioral or scholastic support early.
注意力缺陷/多动障碍（ADHD）影响着许多儿童、青少年和成年人，并与多种损害相关。在临床样本中，学业成绩不佳与ADHD有关。然而，在未被转诊的学龄儿童中，核心ADHD症状与学业损害之间的关联程度尚不清楚。
数据来自瑞典、丹麦和芬兰的三个基于人群的队列，这些队列是北欧ADHD网络的一部分。合并样本量为13087名儿童，他们在7-8岁或10-12岁时接受了研究。教师对儿童的注意力不集中和多动症状进行评分，并报告儿童在基本技能方面的学业成绩。
在所有队列中，核心ADHD症状与阅读、写作和数学方面的学业损害之间存在显著关联。特别是，注意力不集中与学业损害增加两到十倍有关。三个队列中多动症状的患病率相似，但在根据生活条件分层后，芬兰队列中的儿童注意力不集中的情况最少。
这些结果将先前关于临床诊断为ADHD的儿童学业损害的报告扩展到来自三个欧洲国家的未被转诊的人群样本。学校系统应实施监测政策，以便尽早发现需要行为或学业支持的儿童。
