Komar Debra A
Office of the Medical Investigator, University of New Mexico, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque NM 87131-0001.
J Forensic Sci. 2008 Jan;53(1):172-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2008.00590.x. Epub 2007 Nov 13.
While victims of racially motivated violence may be identified through observation of morphological features, those targeted because of their ethnic, religious, or national identity are not easily recognized. This study examines how perpetrators of genocide recognize their victims. Court documents, including indictments, witness statements, and testimony from the International Criminal Tribunals for Rwanda and the former Yugoslavia (FY) detail the interactions between victim and assailant. A total of 6012 decedents were included in the study; only 20.8% had been positively identified. Variables influencing victim selection in Rwanda included location, segregation, incitement, and prior relationship, while significant factors in FY were segregation, location, age/gender, and social data. Additional contributing factors in both countries included self-identification, victim behavior, linguistic or clothing evidence, and morphological features. Understanding the system of recognition used by perpetrators aids investigators tasked with establishing victim identity in such prosecutions.
虽然出于种族动机的暴力受害者可通过观察形态特征来识别，但那些因种族、宗教或国籍身份而成为目标的受害者却不易被辨认出来。本研究探讨种族灭绝的实施者如何识别他们的受害者。法庭文件，包括卢旺达问题国际刑事法庭和前南斯拉夫问题国际刑事法庭的起诉书、证人陈述和证词，详细记录了受害者与攻击者之间的互动。该研究共纳入了6012名死者；只有20.8%的死者得到了确切身份确认。影响卢旺达受害者选择的变量包括地点、隔离、煽动以及先前的关系，而在前南斯拉夫，重要因素则是隔离、地点、年龄/性别以及社会数据。两国的其他促成因素还包括自我认同、受害者行为、语言或着装证据以及形态特征。了解实施者所采用的识别系统有助于负责在此类起诉中确定受害者身份的调查人员。
