Kuczkowski Krzysztof M
Department of Anesthesiology and Reproductive Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California 92103-8770, USA.
Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol. 2007 Dec;19(6):578-85. doi: 10.1097/GCO.0b013e3282f1bf17.
The present article is an update on the effects of drug abuse on pregnancy outcome.
Substance abuse in pregnancy is on the increase worldwide. Simultaneously, there is great variability in prevalence rates in different countries, regions of countries and in different ethnic groups. In the United States nearly 90% of drug-abusing women are of reproductive age. Substances most commonly abused in pregnancy include cocaine, amphetamines, opioids, marijuana, ethanol, tobacco, caffeine, and toluene-based solvents. Polysubstance abuse is very common.
Substance abuse in pregnancy is associated with significant maternal and fetal morbidity. Risk factors suggesting substance abuse in pregnancy include lack of prenatal care, history of premature labor, and cigarette smoking. In the United States the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists has made multiple recommendations regarding management of parturients with drug abuse during pregnancy. Women who acknowledge use of illicit substance during pregnancy should be counseled and offered necessary treatment. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists also acknowledged that some states consider intrauterine fetal drug exposure to be a form of child neglect or abuse under the law.
本文是关于药物滥用对妊娠结局影响的最新情况。
全球范围内孕期药物滥用现象呈上升趋势。同时，不同国家、国家内不同地区以及不同种族群体中的患病率差异很大。在美国，近90%的药物滥用女性处于育龄期。孕期最常滥用的物质包括可卡因、苯丙胺、阿片类药物、大麻、乙醇、烟草、咖啡因和甲苯类溶剂。多物质滥用非常普遍。
孕期药物滥用与严重的母婴发病率相关。提示孕期药物滥用的危险因素包括缺乏产前护理、早产史和吸烟。在美国，美国妇产科医师学会针对孕期药物滥用产妇的管理提出了多项建议。对于承认在孕期使用非法物质的女性，应给予咨询并提供必要的治疗。美国妇产科医师学会还承认，一些州在法律上认为子宫内胎儿药物暴露属于儿童忽视或虐待的一种形式。
