Pretterklieber M L, Skopakoff C, Mayr R
Department 2, University of Vienna, Austria.
Acta Anat (Basel). 1991;142(4):281-7. doi: 10.1159/000147203.
The topographical relations of the human maxillary artery (IM) in the infratemporal fossa were studied in 102 individuals of both sexes. In the majority of the cases (55.4%), the artery was found in a lateral position to the lower head of the lateral pterygoid muscle (LPTER). In most of these specimens, the IM ran also lateral to the inferior alveolar, lingual and buccal nerves (type LA, 37.2%), whereas in 16.1% only the buccal nerve crossed the IM laterally (type LB). In 4.6%, the artery occupied a medial position to the LPTER. With respect to the branches of the mandibular nerve, an IM, passing deep to the LPTER, was lying either lateral to its main sensory branches (type MA, 1.9%) or coursing lateral to the inferior alveolar and lingual nerves, but medial to the buccal nerve (type MB, 23.8%). In 4.9%, the artery, running medial to the LPTER and the buccal nerve, was found to pierce the inferior alveolar nerve (type MC). In 7.4%, the IM was running medial to both the inferior alveolar and buccal nerves, but lateral to the lingual nerve (type MD), and in 3.9% the IM passed deep to all the branches of the mandibular nerve (type ME). Besides those common anatomical patterns, seven specimens showed different variations of the mandibular nerve. In about one third of the individuals, an asymmetric position of the IM to the LPTER (LM or ML) was present. None of the four cephalometric parameters and the two cephalic indices recorded in 55 individuals showed a significant correlation to the actual position of the IM (lateral or medial).
在102名男女个体中研究了人类上颌动脉（IM）在颞下窝的局部关系。在大多数病例（55.4%）中，该动脉位于翼外肌下头（LPTER）的外侧。在这些标本中的大多数，IM也走行于下牙槽神经、舌神经和颊神经的外侧（LA型，37.2%），而在16.1%的标本中只有颊神经从IM的外侧交叉（LB型）。在4.6%的标本中，动脉位于LPTER的内侧。关于下颌神经的分支，一条走行于LPTER深面的IM，要么位于其主要感觉支的外侧（MA型，1.9%），要么走行于下牙槽神经和舌神经的外侧，但位于颊神经的内侧（MB型，23.8%）。在4.9%的标本中，走行于LPTER和颊神经内侧的动脉穿过下牙槽神经（MC型）。在7.4%的标本中，IM走行于下牙槽神经和颊神经两者的内侧，但位于舌神经的外侧（MD型），在3.9%的标本中IM走行于下颌神经所有分支的深面（ME型）。除了这些常见的解剖模式外，七个标本显示出下颌神经的不同变异。在大约三分之一的个体中，IM相对于LPTER存在不对称位置（LM或ML）。在55名个体中记录的四个头影测量参数和两个头指数均与IM的实际位置（外侧或内侧）无显著相关性。
