Chumlea W C, Baumgartner R N, Vellas B P
Department of Community Health, Wright State University School of Medicine, Yellow Springs, Ohio 45387.
Nutrition. 1991 Jan-Feb;7(1):57-60.
Understanding normal changes in the body's composition with old age and their health and nutritional implications is important in determining the nutritional status of the elderly. Suitable reference data for anthropometry and body composition obtained from large representative samples of black, white, Hispanic, and Asian elderly persons are needed to improve their nutritional health and care. Distribution statistics for body measurements of persons 65 to 80 years of age are available from national health and nutrition surveys, but for persons older than 80 years, there is little information. Recumbent anthropometric techniques have been developed that are applicable. Underwater weighing continues to be a gold standard for determining body composition in the elderly, but a four-compartment model would improve estimates of body composition in the elderly because of changes in the density of the fat-free mass with old age. Noninvasive methods such as anthropometry and bioelectric impedance could be used to predict body composition if they were validated against direct methods and if appropriate equations become available.
了解身体成分随年龄增长的正常变化及其对健康和营养的影响，对于确定老年人的营养状况至关重要。为改善老年人的营养健康和护理，需要从具有代表性的大量黑种人、白种人、西班牙裔和亚裔老年人样本中获取人体测量学和身体成分的合适参考数据。65至80岁人群身体测量的分布统计数据可从国家健康与营养调查中获得，但对于80岁以上的人群，相关信息很少。已经开发出适用的卧位人体测量技术。水下称重仍然是确定老年人身体成分的金标准，但由于无脂肪体重的密度随年龄增长而变化，四室模型将改进对老年人身体成分的估计。如果通过直接方法进行验证且有合适的方程可用，诸如人体测量学和生物电阻抗等非侵入性方法可用于预测身体成分。
