Hecker Michael, Pané-Farré Jan, Völker Uwe
Institut für Mikrobiologie, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität, Greifswald 17489, Germany.
Annu Rev Microbiol. 2007;61:215-36. doi: 10.1146/annurev.micro.61.080706.093445.
One of the strongest and most noticeable responses of Bacillus subtilis cells to a range of stress and starvation stimuli is the dramatic induction of about 150 SigB-dependent general stress genes. The activity of SigB itself is tightly regulated by a complex signal transduction cascade with at least three main signaling pathways that respond to environmental stress, energy depletion, or low temperature. The SigB-dependent response is conserved in related gram-positive bacteria but is missing in strictly anaerobic or in some facultatively anaerobic gram-positive bacteria. It covers functions from nonspecific and multiple stress resistance to the control of virulence in pathogenic bacteria. A comprehensive understanding of this crucial stress response is essential not only for bacterial physiology but also for applied microbiology, including pathogenicity and pathogen control.
枯草芽孢杆菌细胞对一系列应激和饥饿刺激最强烈且最显著的反应之一，是约150个依赖SigB的一般应激基因的急剧诱导。SigB自身的活性由一个复杂的信号转导级联严格调控，该级联至少有三条主要信号通路，可响应环境应激、能量耗竭或低温。依赖SigB的反应在相关革兰氏阳性菌中保守存在，但在严格厌氧或某些兼性厌氧的革兰氏阳性菌中缺失。它涵盖了从非特异性和多重应激抗性到病原菌毒力控制等多种功能。全面理解这一关键应激反应不仅对细菌生理学至关重要，对应用微生物学（包括致病性和病原体控制）也至关重要。
