Svoboda Jan
Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídenská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic.
Adv Cancer Res. 2008;99:1-32. doi: 10.1016/S0065-230X(07)99001-6.
This chapter provides a personal insight into the scientific and social atmosphere in former Czechoslovakia. It covers the period of the rise of Hasek's immunologic school and application of immunologic tolerance to Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) heterotransmission. These approaches permitted establishment of a new model of mammalian cells transformed by RSV (virogenic XC cells), where the noninfectious viral genome was kept indefinitely as new genetic information (provirus). RSV was rescued from nonpermissive mammalian cells by fusion (complementation) with permissive chicken fibroblasts; this opened the way to understanding virus nonpermissiveness. Mammalian cells transformed by the reverse transcript of v-src mRNA were characterized, and the resulting provirus was shown to be highly oncogenic for chickens and to carry tumor-specific transplantation antigen. Other areas covering epigenetic reversion of RSV-transformed cells and long-term persistence of chicken leucosis viruses in foreign avian species are discussed.
本章对前捷克斯洛伐克的科学和社会氛围进行了个人洞察。它涵盖了哈谢克免疫学流派的兴起时期以及免疫耐受在劳斯肉瘤病毒（RSV）异种传播中的应用。这些方法使得建立一种由RSV转化的哺乳动物细胞新模型（病毒源性XC细胞）成为可能，在该模型中，非感染性病毒基因组作为新的遗传信息（前病毒）被无限期保留。通过与允许性鸡成纤维细胞融合（互补），从非允许性哺乳动物细胞中拯救出了RSV；这为理解病毒的非允许性开辟了道路。对由v-src mRNA逆转录转化的哺乳动物细胞进行了表征，结果表明所得前病毒对鸡具有高度致癌性，并携带肿瘤特异性移植抗原。还讨论了其他领域，包括RSV转化细胞的表观遗传逆转以及鸡白血病病毒在外国禽类物种中的长期持续性。
