Departments of Pathology, Genetics, and Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5324, USA.
Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2021 Jun 1;13(6):a035774. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a035774.
Early studies of transmissible tumors in chickens provided evidence that viruses such as avian leukosis virus (ALV) and Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) can cause cancer in these animals. Doubts about the relevance to human tumors and failures to replicate some early work meant the field of tumor virology followed a bumpy course. Nevertheless, viruses that can cause cancers in rodents and humans were ultimately identified, and several Nobel prizes were awarded for work in this area. In this excerpt from his forthcoming book on the history of cancer research, Joe Lipsick looks back at the early history of tumor virus research, from some of the early false starts and debates, to discovery of reverse transcriptase, and identification of human papilloma virus (HPV) as the major cause of cervical cancer.
早期对鸡传播性肿瘤的研究提供了证据，表明诸如禽白血病病毒（ALV）和劳斯肉瘤病毒（RSV）等病毒可导致这些动物发生癌症。对这些肿瘤与人类肿瘤的相关性的怀疑以及早期一些工作无法重复，意味着肿瘤病毒学领域的发展经历了曲折的过程。尽管如此，最终还是鉴定出了可在啮齿动物和人类中引起癌症的病毒，并且该领域的一些工作获得了诺贝尔奖。在这本即将出版的关于癌症研究史的书中，乔·利普西克（Joe Lipsick）回顾了肿瘤病毒研究的早期历史，从一些早期的错误开始和争论，到逆转录酶的发现，以及人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）被确定为宫颈癌的主要病因。
