Vanselow B A, Hornitzky M A, Walker K H, Eamens G J, Bailey G D, Gill P A, Coates K, Corney B, Cronin J P, Renilson S
NSW Department of Primary Industries, Beef Industry Centre of Excellence, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia.
Aust Vet J. 2007 Dec;85(12):498-502. doi: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.2007.00233.x.
To examine healthy slaughter-age cattle and sheep on-farm for the excretion of Salmonella serovars in faeces and to identify possible risk factors using a questionnaire.
The study involved 215 herds and flocks in the four eastern states of Australia, 56 with prior history of salmonellosis. Production systems examined included pasture beef cattle, feedlot beef cattle, dairy cattle, prime lambs and mutton sheep and animals were all at slaughter age. From each herd or flock, 25 animals were sampled and the samples pooled for Salmonella culture. All Salmonella isolated were serotyped and any Salmonella Typhimurium isolates were phage typed. Questionnaires on each production system, prepared in Epi Info 6.04, were designed to identify risk factors associated with Salmonella spp excretion, with separate questionnaires designed for each production system.
Salmonellae were identified in all production systems and were more commonly isolated from dairies and beef feedlots than other systems. Statistical analysis revealed that dairy cattle were significantly more likely to shed Salmonella in faeces than pasture beef cattle, mutton sheep and prime lambs (P<0.05). A wide diversity of Salmonella serovars, all of which have been isolated from humans in Australia, was identified in both cattle and sheep. Analysis of the questionnaires showed access to new arrivals was a significant risk factor for Salmonella excretion on dairy properties. For beef feedlots, the presence of large numbers of flies in the feedlot pens or around stored manure were significant risk factors for Salmonella excretion.
Dairy cattle pose the highest risk of all the slaughter-age animals tested. Some of the identified risk factors can be overcome by improved management practices, especially in relation to hygiene.
对农场中处于健康屠宰年龄的牛和羊进行检查，以检测粪便中沙门氏菌血清型的排泄情况，并通过问卷调查确定可能的风险因素。
该研究涉及澳大利亚东部四个州的215个牛群和羊群，其中56个有沙门氏菌病病史。所检查的生产系统包括牧场肉牛、饲养场肉牛、奶牛、优质羔羊和肉羊，且所有动物均处于屠宰年龄。从每个牛群或羊群中抽取25只动物进行采样，并将样本合并用于沙门氏菌培养。对所有分离出的沙门氏菌进行血清分型，对任何鼠伤寒沙门氏菌分离株进行噬菌体分型。使用Epi Info 6.04编写的关于每个生产系统的问卷，旨在确定与沙门氏菌属排泄相关的风险因素，每个生产系统都设计了单独的问卷。
在所有生产系统中均鉴定出沙门氏菌，与其他系统相比，在奶牛场和肉牛饲养场中更常分离到。统计分析表明，奶牛粪便中排出沙门氏菌的可能性显著高于牧场肉牛、肉羊和优质羔羊（P<0.05）。在牛和羊中均鉴定出多种沙门氏菌血清型，所有这些血清型在澳大利亚都曾从人类身上分离到。对问卷的分析表明，接触新引入的动物是奶牛场沙门氏菌排泄的一个重要风险因素。对于肉牛饲养场，饲养场围栏内或储存粪便周围有大量苍蝇是沙门氏菌排泄的重要风险因素。
在所有测试的屠宰年龄动物中，奶牛构成的风险最高。一些已确定的风险因素可以通过改进管理措施来克服，特别是在卫生方面。
