Tarazi Yaser H, Abo-Shehada Mahmoud N
Department of Basic Veterinary Medical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid, 22110, Jordan.
Trop Anim Health Prod. 2015 Oct;47(7):1241-8. doi: 10.1007/s11250-015-0854-z. Epub 2015 Jun 12.
Salmonellosis is an important disease frequently associated with diarrhea in calves. From January to September 2009, a cross-sectional study involving 91 dairy farms was conducted to determine the prevalence of Salmonella spp. infection in cattle in Al-Dhulail Valley, Jordan. A total of 910 calve and cow fecal samples were collected. Information on farm management practices was obtained through personal interviews using a standardized questionnaire and was tested as risk factors for Salmonella spp. positivity in farms by using logistic regression analysis. Standard conventional methods for Salmonella isolation and serotyping were used, and the disk agar diffusion test was used for antimicrobial testing. The herd-level prevalence of Salmonella spp. in calves, cows, and dairy farms was 12, 12, and 23 %, respectively, and the individual-level prevalence was 4 % for calves, cows, and dairy farms. Forty-six percent of the dairy farms had calf diarrhea, and 4 % had cow diarrhea. Seven (17 %) of the 42 farms with calf diarrhea had Salmonella. However, only 7 % (95 % CI: 4, 10) of the 221 diarrheic and 1 % (95 % CI: 0.2, 4) of the 234 of non-diarrheic calves had Salmonella. A total of 33 Salmonella isolates were obtained from the fecal samples: 12 isolates were Salmonella typhimurium, 6 were Salmonella montevideo, 6 were Salmonella anatum, 2 were Salmonella enteritidis, and 7 isolates were not serotyped. All isolates were susceptible to ciprofloxacin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, gentamycin, neomycin, colisitin, and amoxicillin at 100, 91, 85, 79, 79, and 70 %, respectively. Out of the 11 variables/categories, the frequency of cleaning every 2 months or more was associated with high odds of infection among calves (OR = 5.6) and farms (OR = 7.0).
沙门氏菌病是一种与犊牛腹泻频繁相关的重要疾病。2009年1月至9月，在约旦的宰莱勒山谷开展了一项涉及91个奶牛场的横断面研究，以确定牛群中沙门氏菌属感染的流行情况。共采集了910份犊牛和母牛的粪便样本。通过使用标准化问卷进行个人访谈获取了有关农场管理实践的信息，并通过逻辑回归分析将其作为农场中沙门氏菌属阳性的风险因素进行检验。采用标准的常规方法进行沙门氏菌分离和血清分型，并使用纸片琼脂扩散试验进行抗菌药物检测。犊牛、母牛和奶牛场中沙门氏菌属的畜群水平流行率分别为12%、12%和23%，犊牛、母牛和奶牛场的个体水平流行率均为4%。46%的奶牛场存在犊牛腹泻，4%存在母牛腹泻。42个有犊牛腹泻的农场中有7个（17%）感染了沙门氏菌。然而，在221头腹泻犊牛中，只有7%（95%可信区间：4，10）感染了沙门氏菌，在234头非腹泻犊牛中，只有1%（95%可信区间：0.2，4）感染了沙门氏菌。从粪便样本中总共获得了33株沙门氏菌分离株：12株为鼠伤寒沙门氏菌，6株为蒙得维的亚沙门氏菌，6株为鸭沙门氏菌，2株为肠炎沙门氏菌，7株未进行血清分型。所有分离株对环丙沙星、甲氧苄啶-磺胺甲恶唑、庆大霉素、新霉素、黏菌素和阿莫西林的敏感率分别为100%、91%、85%、79%、79%和70%。在11个变量/类别中，每2个月或更长时间进行一次清洁的频率与犊牛（比值比=5.6）和农场（比值比=7.0）感染几率较高相关。
