Jordan J Dedrick, Ma Dengke K, Ming Guo-Li, Song Hongjun
Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 North Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets. 2007 Oct;6(5):336-41. doi: 10.2174/187152707783220866.
Neural stem cells are present throughout life and continuously give rise to new neurons and glia cells in the mammalian central nervous system. Accumulating evidence suggests essential roles of micro-environments, or niches, in supporting active neurogenesis from endogenous neural stem cells within restricted regions of the adult brain. These neurogenic niches also regulate different steps of adult neurogenesis in response to physiological and pathological stimulations. Recent studies have identified several cellular niche components, including endothelial cells, astroglia, ependymal cells, immature progeny of NSCs and mature neurons. In this review, we discuss identified niche signals from these cellular components in regulating different steps of adult neurogenesis. We also highlight some of the potential therapeutic targets to be manipulated within neurogenic niche for repair of the adult central nervous system.
神经干细胞在整个生命过程中都存在，并在哺乳动物的中枢神经系统中持续产生新的神经元和胶质细胞。越来越多的证据表明，微环境或生态位在支持成体脑有限区域内源性神经干细胞的活跃神经发生中起着重要作用。这些神经发生生态位还响应生理和病理刺激调节成体神经发生的不同步骤。最近的研究已经确定了几种细胞生态位成分，包括内皮细胞、星形胶质细胞、室管膜细胞、神经干细胞的未成熟后代和成熟神经元。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了从这些细胞成分中识别出的生态位信号在调节成体神经发生不同步骤中的作用。我们还强调了一些在神经发生生态位内可操控的潜在治疗靶点，用于修复成体中枢神经系统。
