Grob David, Brunner Norman, Namba Tatsuji, Pagala Murali
Department of Medicine, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York 11219, USA.
Muscle Nerve. 2008 Feb;37(2):141-9. doi: 10.1002/mus.20950.
Between 1940 and 2000 a total of 1976 patients with myasthenia gravis (MG) were studied. Diagnosis was made by improvement in weakness after anticholinesterase medication. The historical developments in diagnosis and treatment of MG are reviewed. We analyzed the clinical course of MG as influenced by age, gender, thymectomy, thymomectomy, and the presence of antibodies to acetylcholine receptors (AChR). The clinical course of MG was significantly influenced by age and gender, and these need special attention in managing patients. The most severe level of weakness and high mortality occurred during the first 1 to 2 years of the disease, after which many patients experienced improvement. For treating MG patients the usefulness of thymectomy remains to be proven, and novel drugs need to be developed to increase the number as well as normal functioning of the AChRs and other components of the neuromuscular system.
1940年至2000年间,共对1976例重症肌无力(MG)患者进行了研究。诊断依据为抗胆碱酯酶药物治疗后肌无力症状改善。本文回顾了MG诊断和治疗的历史发展。我们分析了年龄、性别、胸腺切除术、胸腺瘤切除术以及乙酰胆碱受体(AChR)抗体的存在对MG临床病程的影响。MG的临床病程受年龄和性别的显著影响,在管理患者时需要特别关注这些因素。疾病最初1至2年肌无力最为严重,死亡率也最高,此后许多患者病情有所改善。对于MG患者的治疗,胸腺切除术的有效性仍有待证实,需要开发新药以增加AChR以及神经肌肉系统其他成分的数量并使其正常发挥功能。