Guerrieri R, Nederkoorn C, Jansen A
Department of Experimental Psychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Int J Obes (Lond). 2008 Apr;32(4):708-14. doi: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0803770. Epub 2007 Dec 4.
The current study tests the influence of two factors, the obesogenic environment and impulsivity, on food intake in primary school children. Our current food environment offers a large variety of cheap and easily available sweet and fatty foods. This obesogenic environment is believed to be a cause of the recent obesity epidemic. Impulsive people are generally less successful at inhibiting prepotent responses and they are reward sensitive. We investigate whether the interaction between an obesogenic environment and an impulsive person leads to overeating.
A quasi-experimental 2 (reward sensitive versus not reward sensitive) by 2 (successful response inhibitors versus unsuccessful response inhibitors) by 2 (monotonous versus varied food environment) between-subjects design with caloric intake during a taste test as the main dependent variable. The link between impulsivity and overweight was also examined.
78 healthy primary school children (age: 8-10 years).
We measured two aspects of impulsivity: reward sensitivity and deficient response inhibition. Subsequently, one aspect of the obesogenic environment was manipulated; half of the participants received monotonous food during a bogus taste test whereas the other half tasted food that was varied in colour, form, taste and texture.
As expected, reward sensitivity interacted with variety. In the monotony group there was no difference in food intake between the less and more reward-sensitive children (183 kcal+/-23 s.d. versus 180 kcal+/-21 s.d.). However, in the variety group the more reward-sensitive children ingested significantly more calories than the less reward-sensitive children (237 kcal+/-30 s.d. versus 141 kcal+/-19 s.d.). Reward sensitivity was not linked to overweight. Deficient response inhibition did not interact with variety, but it was linked to overweight.
It is suggested that reward sensitivity could be a causal mechanism for overeating in an obesogenic environment whereas prepotent response inhibition may be a maintaining factor of the problem of overeating.
本研究测试致肥环境和冲动性这两个因素对小学生食物摄入量的影响。我们当前的食物环境提供了种类繁多、价格低廉且易于获取的甜食和高脂肪食物。这种致肥环境被认为是近期肥胖流行的一个原因。冲动的人通常在抑制优势反应方面不太成功，并且他们对奖励敏感。我们调查致肥环境与冲动的人之间的相互作用是否会导致暴饮暴食。
一项准实验性的受试者间设计，2（奖励敏感与非奖励敏感）×2（成功的反应抑制者与不成功的反应抑制者）×2（单调食物环境与多样食物环境），以味觉测试期间的热量摄入作为主要因变量。还研究了冲动性与超重之间的联系。
78名健康的小学生（年龄：8 - 10岁）。
我们测量了冲动性的两个方面：奖励敏感性和反应抑制缺陷。随后，对致肥环境的一个方面进行了操控；一半参与者在一次虚假味觉测试中接受单调的食物，而另一半则品尝颜色、形状、味道和质地多样的食物。
正如预期的那样，奖励敏感性与食物种类相互作用。在单调食物组中，奖励敏感性较低和较高的儿童在食物摄入量上没有差异（分别为183千卡±23标准差和180千卡±21标准差）。然而，在多样食物组中，奖励敏感性较高的儿童摄入的热量明显多于奖励敏感性较低的儿童（分别为237千卡±30标准差和141千卡±19标准差）。奖励敏感性与超重没有关联。反应抑制缺陷与食物种类没有相互作用，但它与超重有关联。
研究表明，奖励敏感性可能是致肥环境中暴饮暴食的一个因果机制，而优势反应抑制可能是暴饮暴食问题的一个维持因素。
