探究患有和不患有 ADHD 的幼儿在身体健康方面的差异。
Exploring Differences in Physical Health in Young Children With and Without ADHD.
机构信息
Department of Psychology, Center for Children and Families, Florida International University, USA.
出版信息
J Pediatr Psychol. 2024 Feb 17;49(2):120-130. doi: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsad090.
OBJECTIVE
To assess differences in child physical health outcomes and metrices associated with obesity in a sample of predominantly Hispanic/Latinx young children with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
METHODS
Participants included 127 children diagnosed with ADHD and 96 typically developing (TD) children between 4 and 7 years of age. Objective measures of children's body composition, fitness, and physical activity were conducted. Parents of children completed food recalls to assess their child's dietary intake, diet quality was calculated based on the Healthy Eating Index-2015, and parents completed a survey about their family's health habits.
RESULTS
Logistic regression revealed that those with ADHD were more likely to be classified as having an overweight or obese (Ov/O) body mass index (BMI). Linear regression analyses indicated that children with ADHD performed worse on a fitness test and consumed more calories relative to TD children. Moderation analyses indicated that sex differences in steps were prominent in our TD sample, but not among those with ADHD.
CONCLUSIONS
Young children with ADHD are at greater risk for having an Ov/O BMI, being less fit, and eating a greater intake of calories compared to TD children.
目的
评估在一组以西班牙裔/拉丁裔为主的患有和不患有注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）的幼儿样本中，儿童身体健康结果和肥胖相关指标的差异。
方法
参与者包括 127 名被诊断患有 ADHD 的儿童和 96 名发育正常（TD）的 4 至 7 岁儿童。对儿童的身体成分、健康和身体活动进行了客观测量。儿童的家长完成了食物回忆以评估其孩子的饮食摄入，根据 2015 年健康饮食指数计算了饮食质量，家长还完成了一份关于其家庭健康习惯的调查。
结果
逻辑回归显示，ADHD 儿童更有可能被归类为超重或肥胖（Ov/O）的体重指数（BMI）。线性回归分析表明，与 TD 儿童相比，ADHD 儿童在一项健身测试中表现更差，摄入的卡路里更多。调节分析表明，在我们的 TD 样本中，性别差异在步数方面表现明显，但在 ADHD 儿童中则不明显。
结论
与发育正常的儿童相比，患有 ADHD 的幼儿超重或肥胖（Ov/O）的风险更高，健康状况更差，摄入的卡路里更多。
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