Fuchs Michael, Meuret Sylvia, Thiel Susanne, Täschner Roland, Dietz Andreas, Gelbrich Götz
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Section of Phoniatrics and Audiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
J Voice. 2009 Mar;23(2):182-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2007.09.007. Epub 2007 Dec 3.
The aim of the study was to investigate the extent to which regular singing activity and voice training in children and adolescents enhance their voice performance parameters and their perception of their own voice and the extent to which their voice control is improved. At the same time, additional effects of age and sex were also taken into account. We investigated 183 children and adolescents between 6 and 19 years of age (mean age: 13.5 years) and assigned them to groups with different levels of voice strain and training with voice specialists. This was done on the basis of a classification of singing activity which we developed ourselves. We measured the voice parameters, and all of the test subjects were asked to appraise their perception and conscious control of their voices based on a questionnaire comprising 21 items. The higher the degree of vocal strain (taking regularity and organization of singing into consideration) and voice training, the more the perception and conscious control of the voice. Furthermore, the more intense the voice training, the wider the voice range becomes; the stronger the vocal strain, the better the capacity for messa di voce. On the other hand, the maximum duration of sustained phonation unexpectedly decreased, which we attribute to methodological reasons. Older children evince more differentiated perception of the sound of their own voices and imitate other voices more frequently. Boys show better values than girls as far as maximum voice intensity, maximum duration of phonation, and capacity for messa di voce are concerned. Boys also control their voices more consciously than girls. The results underscore the positive effects of regular singing and individual voice training on voice performance, sound perception, and conscious control of the voice. These results should encourage parents and pedagogues to provide opportunities for regular (organized) singing and voice training for as many children as possible. Moreover, age and gender have additional effects which should be taken into account in phoniatric and voice pedagogical counseling.
本研究的目的是调查儿童和青少年定期进行歌唱活动及嗓音训练在多大程度上能提升他们的嗓音表现参数、对自身嗓音的感知，以及在多大程度上能改善他们的嗓音控制能力。同时，还考虑了年龄和性别的附加影响。我们对183名6至19岁（平均年龄：13.5岁）的儿童和青少年进行了调查，并根据我们自己制定的歌唱活动分类，将他们分配到嗓音疲劳程度和由嗓音专家训练程度不同的组中。我们测量了嗓音参数，并要求所有受试对象根据一份包含21个项目的问卷来评估他们对自己嗓音的感知和有意识控制。嗓音疲劳程度（考虑到歌唱的规律性和组织性）和嗓音训练程度越高，对嗓音的感知和有意识控制就越强。此外，嗓音训练越 intense，嗓音范围就越宽；嗓音疲劳越强烈，强音能力就越好。另一方面，持续发声的最长时间意外减少，我们将其归因于方法学原因。年龄较大的儿童对自己嗓音的声音表现出更具差异性的感知，并且更频繁地模仿其他声音。就最大嗓音强度、发声最长时间和强音能力而言，男孩的表现优于女孩。男孩对自己嗓音的控制也比女孩更有意识。这些结果强调了定期歌唱和个体嗓音训练对嗓音表现、声音感知和嗓音有意识控制的积极影响。这些结果应鼓励家长和教育工作者为尽可能多的儿童提供定期（有组织的）歌唱和嗓音训练机会。此外，年龄和性别有附加影响，在嗓音病学和嗓音教学咨询中应予以考虑。
