当伙伴进行或不进行视觉关注时婴儿的视觉和听觉交流。
Infants' visual and auditory communication when a partner is or is not visually attending.
作者信息
Liszkowski Ulf, Albrecht Konstanze, Carpenter Malinda, Tomasello Michael
机构信息
Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Department of Developmental and Comparative Psychology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
出版信息
Infant Behav Dev. 2008 Apr;31(2):157-67. doi: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2007.10.011. Epub 2007 Dec 3.
In the current study we investigated infants' communication in the visual and auditory modalities as a function of the recipient's visual attention. We elicited pointing at interesting events from thirty-two 12-month olds and thirty-two 18-month olds in two conditions: when the recipient either was or was not visually attending to them before and during the point. The main result was that infants initiated more pointing when the recipient's visual attention was on them than when it was not. In addition, when the recipient did not respond by sharing interest in the designated event, infants initiated more repairs (repeated pointing) than when she did, again, especially when the recipient was visually attending to them. Interestingly, accompanying vocalizations were used intentionally and increased in both experimental conditions when the recipient did not share attention and interest. However, there was little evidence that infants used their vocalizations to direct attention to their gestures when the recipient was not attending to them.
在当前的研究中，我们调查了婴儿在视觉和听觉模态下的交流情况，该交流情况是作为接收者视觉注意力的一个函数。我们在两种条件下引发了32名12个月大的婴儿和32名18个月大的婴儿对有趣事件的指物行为：在指物之前和期间，接收者要么视觉上关注他们，要么不关注他们。主要结果是，当接收者的视觉注意力集中在婴儿身上时，婴儿发起的指物行为比没有集中注意力时更多。此外，当接收者没有通过对指定事件表现出共同兴趣来做出回应时，婴儿发起的修正行为（重复指物）比接收者做出回应时更多，同样，尤其是当接收者视觉上关注他们时。有趣的是，当接收者没有共享注意力和兴趣时，伴随的发声是被有意使用的，并且在两种实验条件下都有所增加。然而，几乎没有证据表明，当接收者没有关注婴儿时，婴儿会用发声来引导接收者注意他们的手势。
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