Deák G O, Flom R A, Pick A D
Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, USA.
Dev Psychol. 2000 Jul;36(4):511-23.
Factors affecting joint visual attention in 12- and 18-month-olds were investigated. In Experiment 1 infants responded to 1 of 3 parental gestures: looking, looking and pointing, or looking, pointing, and verbalizing. Target objects were either identical to or distinctive from distractor objects. Targets were in front of or behind the infant to test G. E. Butterworth's (1991b) hypothesis that 12-month-olds do not follow gaze to objects behind them. Pointing elicited more episodes of joint visual attention than looking alone. Distinctive targets elicited more episodes of joint visual attention than identical targets. Although infants most reliably followed gestures to targets in front of them, even 12-month-olds followed gestures to targets behind them. In Experiment 2 parents were rotated so that the magnitude of their head turns to fixate front and back targets was equivalent. Infants looked more at front than at back targets, but there was also an effect of magnitude of head turn. Infants' relative neglect of back targets is partly due to the "size" of adult's gesture.
研究了影响12个月和18个月大婴儿联合视觉注意的因素。在实验1中，婴儿对三种父母手势中的一种做出反应：注视、注视并指向、或注视、指向并说话。目标物体与干扰物体相同或不同。目标物体在婴儿前方或后方，以检验G.E.巴特沃思（1991b）的假设，即12个月大的婴儿不会追随指向他们身后物体的目光。与仅注视相比，指向引发了更多联合视觉注意的情况。与相同目标相比，不同的目标引发了更多联合视觉注意的情况。尽管婴儿最可靠地追随指向他们前方目标的手势，但即使是12个月大的婴儿也会追随指向他们身后目标的手势。在实验2中，父母进行了旋转，以使他们转头注视前后目标的幅度相等。婴儿看向前方目标的次数多于看向后方目标的次数，但转头幅度也有影响。婴儿对后方目标的相对忽视部分是由于成人手势的“大小”。
