Bazin N
Service de Psychiatrie, CHU de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre.
Encephale. 1991 Nov-Dec;17(6):503-10.
Literature emphasizes that affective factors such as the subject's emotional state or the emotional tone of the information influence memory: The present review is focused on two critical phenomena: 1) "State-Dependent Memory Effect" (or State-Dependent Recall) i.e. material memorized in a given emotional state is more easily recalled in the same emotional state. 2)"Mood Congruence Effect" where a subject memorizes more easily the material whose emotional tone is congruent to his own emotional state than the material having a non congruent emotional tone. By and large, studies using experimentally induced mood (generally happy or sad) have questioned the "State-Dependent Memory Effect" but frequently confirmed the "Mood Congruence Effect". Very few clinical studies have investigated the "State-Dependent Memory Effect" in affective disorders as compared to the "Mood Congruence Effect". Their results are consistent with the existence of a "Mood Congruence Effect" in depression, but the experimental conditions seem to have a great importance. Hence, the effect is reduced when the subject is aware of the emotional content of the material. This cognitive process, related to the categorisation of words depending on their affective tone, allows an efficient organization of the material during encoding and seems to modulate the automatic selective processing of emotionally loaded information.
文献强调，诸如主体的情绪状态或信息的情感基调等情感因素会影响记忆：本综述聚焦于两个关键现象：1）“状态依存记忆效应”（或状态依存回忆），即处于特定情绪状态下记忆的材料在相同情绪状态下更容易被回忆起来。2）“情绪一致性效应”，即主体更容易记住其情感基调与自身情绪状态一致的材料，而不是情感基调不一致的材料。总体而言，使用实验诱导情绪（通常是快乐或悲伤）的研究对“状态依存记忆效应”提出了质疑，但经常证实了“情绪一致性效应”。与“情绪一致性效应”相比，很少有临床研究调查情感障碍中的“状态依存记忆效应”。他们的结果与抑郁症中存在“情绪一致性效应”一致，但实验条件似乎非常重要。因此，当主体意识到材料的情感内容时，这种效应就会减弱。这种认知过程与根据单词的情感基调对单词进行分类有关，它允许在编码过程中对材料进行有效的组织，并且似乎可以调节对情感负载信息的自动选择性处理。
