Derouesné C
Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, 47, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75651 Paris Cedex 13.
Rev Neurol (Paris). 2000 Sep;156(8-9):732-7.
In the last decade, numerous studies have been devoted to the cognitive approach of emotions and their relationship with memory. Cognitive neuropsychologists consider affectivity as a contextual factor which can facilitate the processes of encoding or restitution. It is not clear if emotions are memorized by the same processes as the neutral stimuli. In man, a dissociation was found between loss of memory for affective stimuli in subjects with lesions restricted to amygdala and loss of memory for neutral stimuli in subjects with lesions limited to hippocampus. Experimental studies showed that recall of neutral material was better if subjects were in the same mood at the time of recall as during the time of encoding (mood dependency). Other studies showed that subjects had better memory for material with an affective valence corresponding to their mood than for material with a different affective valence (mood congruency). The discrepancy between the results of various experimental studies on mood and memory are related to methodological difficulties and different theoretical approaches. Studies on autobiographical memory showed that some emotional memories can be specially vivid or persistent (flashbulb memories, Post-Stress Traumatic Disorder) but, in the opposite, that strong emotion can result in lacunar amnesia.
在过去十年中，众多研究致力于情绪的认知方法及其与记忆的关系。认知神经心理学家将情感视为一种情境因素，它可以促进编码或恢复过程。目前尚不清楚情绪是否与中性刺激通过相同的过程被记忆。在人类中，发现杏仁核受损的受试者对情感刺激的记忆丧失与海马体受损的受试者对中性刺激的记忆丧失之间存在分离。实验研究表明，如果受试者在回忆时的情绪与编码时相同，那么对中性材料的回忆会更好（情绪依赖性）。其他研究表明，与情绪具有相应情感效价的材料相比，受试者对具有不同情感效价的材料的记忆更好（情绪一致性）。关于情绪与记忆的各种实验研究结果之间的差异与方法上的困难和不同的理论方法有关。对自传体记忆的研究表明，一些情感记忆可能特别生动或持久（闪光灯记忆、创伤后应激障碍），但相反，强烈的情感可能导致间隙性失忆。
