Zander R, Mahieu E, Demoulin P, Duchatelet P, Roland G, Servais C, De Mazière M, Reimann S, Rinsland C P
Institute of Astrophysics and Geophysics, University of Liège, Belgium.
Sci Total Environ. 2008 Mar 1;391(2-3):184-95. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.10.018. Epub 2007 Dec 18.
The Institute of Astrophysics of the University of Liège has been present at the High Altitude Research Station Jungfraujoch, Switzerland, since the late 1940s, to perform spectrometric solar observations under dry and weakly polluted high-mountain conditions. Several solar atlases of photometric quality, extending altogether from the near-ultra-violet to the middle-infrared, were produced between 1956 and 1994, first with grating spectrometers then with Fourier transform instruments. During the early 1970s, scientific concerns emerged about atmospheric composition changes likely to set in as a consequence of the growing usage of nitrogen-containing agricultural fertilisers and the industrial production of chlorine-bearing compounds such as the chlorofluorocarbons and hydro-chlorofluorocarbons. Resulting releases to the atmosphere with ensuing photolysis in the stratosphere and catalytic depletion of the protective ozone layer prompted a worldwide consortium of chemical manufacturing companies to solicit the Liège group to help in clarifying these concerns by undertaking specific observations with its existing Jungfraujoch instrumentation. The following pages evoke the main steps that led from quasi full sun-oriented studies to priority investigations of the Earth's atmosphere, in support of both the Montreal and the Kyoto Protocols.
列日大学天体物理研究所自20世纪40年代末以来一直在瑞士少女峰高海拔研究站开展工作，以便在干燥且污染较轻的高山条件下进行太阳光谱观测。1956年至1994年间制作了几本具有测光质量的太阳图集，范围从近紫外延伸至中红外，最初使用光栅光谱仪，后来使用傅里叶变换仪器。20世纪70年代初，科学界开始关注由于含氮农用肥料的使用增加以及含氯化合物（如氯氟烃和氢氯氟烃）的工业生产可能导致的大气成分变化。这些物质排放到大气中，随后在平流层发生光解，导致保护臭氧层的催化消耗，促使全球化学制造公司财团请求列日小组利用其在少女峰现有的仪器进行特定观测，以帮助澄清这些问题。以下各页回顾了从几乎完全以太阳为导向的研究到对地球大气进行重点调查的主要步骤，以支持《蒙特利尔议定书》和《京都议定书》。
