Wittassek Matthias, Angerer Jürgen
Institute and Outpatient Clinic of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.
Int J Androl. 2008 Apr;31(2):131-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2605.2007.00837.x. Epub 2007 Dec 7.
In human metabolism studies we found that after oral application of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), diisononyl phthalate (DiNP) and di(2-propylheptyl) phthalate (DPHP), at least 74, 44 and 34%, respectively, are excreted via urine. In contrast to the short chain phthalates, their oxidized products, not the simple monoesters, were found to be the main metabolites. Based on urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations we estimated in 102 German subjects between 6 and 80 years of age median daily intakes (microg/kg/day) of 2.7 for DEHP, 2.1 for di-n-butyl phthalate, 1.5 for diisobutyl phthalate, 0.6 for DiNP, and 0.3 for butylbenzyl phthalate. In general, children have higher exposures compared to adults and seem to have a more effective oxidative metabolism of phthalates. For individual phthalates tolerable daily intake (TDI) values have been deduced. However, in rats some phthalates have been shown to act as endocrine disrupters via a common mechanism of action in a dose-additive manner. Therefore, the concept of a cumulative TDI value may be more appropriate for the consideration of the overall exposure and the potential human health risks resulting from everyday and simultaneous exposure to several phthalates.
在人体代谢研究中，我们发现，口服邻苯二甲酸二（2-乙基己基）酯（DEHP）、邻苯二甲酸二异壬酯（DiNP）和邻苯二甲酸二（2-丙基庚基）酯（DPHP）后，分别至少有74%、44%和34%通过尿液排出。与短链邻苯二甲酸酯不同，它们的氧化产物而非简单的单酯被发现是主要代谢物。根据102名6至80岁德国受试者尿液中邻苯二甲酸酯代谢物浓度，我们估算出DEHP的日均摄入量（微克/千克/天）中位数为2.7，邻苯二甲酸二正丁酯为2.1，邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯为1.5，DiNP为0.6，邻苯二甲酸丁苄酯为0.3。总体而言，儿童比成人接触量更高，且似乎对邻苯二甲酸酯具有更有效的氧化代谢。已推导出个别邻苯二甲酸酯的每日耐受摄入量（TDI）值。然而，在大鼠中，一些邻苯二甲酸酯已被证明通过一种共同作用机制以剂量相加的方式充当内分泌干扰物。因此，累积TDI值的概念可能更适合用于考虑日常同时接触多种邻苯二甲酸酯所导致的总体接触量和潜在的人类健康风险。
