Moore S M, Stalder K J, Beitz D C, Stahl C H, Fithian W A, Bregendahl K
Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011, USA.
J Anim Sci. 2008 Mar;86(3):592-601. doi: 10.2527/jas.2007-0257. Epub 2007 Dec 11.
Corn kernel composition may affect its nutritive value and, thus, pig growth performance and carcass characteristics. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of the chemical and physical traits of corn kernels from different hybrids on the growth performance and carcass characteristics of pigs. A total of 288 crossbred pigs were grown in a 3-phase program from 21 kg of BW until slaughter at 113 kg of BW with 12 pens (4 pigs/pen) per dietary treatment. Target BW for each phase were 20 to 40 kg (grower 1), 40 to 80 kg (grower 2), and 80 to 120 kg (finisher). In each phase, diets were formulated to be marginally deficient in Lys, TSAA, Ca, Na, and nonphytate P to improve the likelihood of detecting differences in performance due to corn hybrid. Each of 6 corn hybrids represented a wide range of kernel chemical and physical traits and was substituted for corn in a common diet formulation on an equal weight basis to make the 6 dietary treatments. Physical and chemical composition of the kernels were analyzed and correlated with performance measures by multivariate ANOVA. Kernel density was correlated with i.m. fat (IMF) content in LM (r = -.35, P < 0.05). Stenvert grinding time was correlated (P < 0.05) with ADG during the grower 1 phase (r = 0.26), ADFI during the grower 2 phase (r = 0.27), final BW (r = 0.27), and IMF (r = -0.36). The amylose content of the cornstarch was correlated (P < 0.05) with ADG during the grower 2 phase (r = -0.28) and with BW at the end of the grower 2 phase (r = -0.27). The NDF content of the kernels was correlated (P < 0.05) with ADG during the finisher phase (r = -0.30), final BW (r = -0.33), and number of days to market (r = 0.31). The ADF content of the kernels was correlated (P < 0.05) with ADG during the grower 1 phase (r = -0.26), final BW (r = -0.26), and IMF (r = 0.31). The correlations of performance measure variation with individual kernel hybrid physical and chemical traits were statistically significant yet not large enough to base corn hybrid selection for feeding pigs on any single kernel chemical or physical trait.
玉米粒的组成可能会影响其营养价值，进而影响猪的生长性能和胴体特性。本研究的目的是确定不同杂交种玉米粒的化学和物理特性对猪生长性能和胴体特性的影响。总共288头杂交猪按照三阶段程序饲养，从体重21千克养至体重113千克屠宰，每种日粮处理设12个栏（每栏4头猪）。每个阶段的目标体重分别为20至40千克（生长育肥前期）、40至80千克（生长育肥中期）和80至120千克（育肥期）。在每个阶段，日粮配方设计为赖氨酸、总含硫氨基酸、钙、钠和非植酸磷略缺，以提高检测出因玉米杂交种导致的性能差异的可能性。6个玉米杂交种中的每一个都代表了广泛的籽粒化学和物理特性，并在相同的日粮配方中以等重替代玉米，形成6种日粮处理。通过多变量方差分析对玉米粒的物理和化学组成进行分析，并与性能指标进行相关性分析。籽粒密度与腰大肌中的肌内脂肪（IMF）含量相关（r = -0.35，P < 0.05）。Stenvert研磨时间与生长育肥前期的平均日增重（ADG）（r = 0.26）、生长育肥中期的平均日采食量（ADFI）（r = 0.27）、末重（r = 0.27）和IMF（r = -0.36）相关（P < 0.05）。玉米淀粉的直链淀粉含量与生长育肥中期的ADG（r = -0.28）和生长育肥中期结束时的体重（r = -0.27）相关（P < 0.05）。籽粒的中性洗涤纤维（NDF）含量与育肥期的ADG（r = -0.30）、末重（r = -0.33）和上市天数（r = 0.31）相关（P < 0.05）。籽粒的酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）含量与生长育肥前期的ADG（r = -0.26）、末重（r = -0.26）和IMF（r = 0.31）相关（P < 0.05）。性能指标变化与单个籽粒杂交种物理和化学特性的相关性具有统计学意义，但不足以基于任何单个籽粒化学或物理特性来选择用于喂猪的玉米杂交种。
