McCarthy John J, Leamon Martin H, Stenson Garrett, Biles Lagen A
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
J Subst Abuse Treat. 2008 Sep;35(2):202-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jsat.2007.09.009. Epub 2008 Feb 20.
To assess potential risks related to the duration or total amount of fetal methadone exposure during gestation, we compared babies of women who conceived and maintained on methadone throughout pregnancy with babies of women who began methadone treatment during the second or third trimester. Babies conceived on methadone were exposed to the medication for a mean of 37.4 weeks at a mean dose of 110 mg/day, whereas comparison babies were exposed for a mean of 13.1 weeks at a mean dose of 93 mg/day. There were no significant between-group differences in the frequency of treatment of neonatal abstinence, days hospitalized, birth weight, or gestational age. Babies conceived on methadone were significantly less likely to test positive for illicit drugs at delivery as compared with babies conceived off methadone (positive toxicology, 9.1% vs. 34.3%, respectively). Methadone exposure during the entire gestational period was associated with better drug-treatment outcomes but was not associated with more severe neonatal abstinence.
为评估孕期胎儿美沙酮暴露时长或总量相关的潜在风险，我们将整个孕期受孕并持续使用美沙酮的女性所生婴儿，与在妊娠中期或晚期开始美沙酮治疗的女性所生婴儿进行了比较。孕期受孕时就接触美沙酮的婴儿，平均在37.4周内每天平均服用110毫克药物，而作为对照的婴儿平均在13.1周内每天平均服用93毫克药物。两组之间在新生儿戒断治疗频率、住院天数、出生体重或胎龄方面无显著差异。与未接触美沙酮受孕的婴儿相比，孕期受孕时就接触美沙酮的婴儿在分娩时非法药物检测呈阳性的可能性显著更低（毒理学检测阳性率分别为9.1%和34.3%）。整个孕期接触美沙酮与更好的药物治疗结果相关，但与更严重的新生儿戒断无关。
