Bienenfeld David, Yager Joel
Department of Psychiatry, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, Ohio 45404-1815, USA.
Isr J Psychiatry Relat Sci. 2007;44(3):178-86.
We note gaps between the basic science of psychotherapy and the spiritual dimensions of religious life; between the beliefs and practices of patients and those of therapists; and between evidence for the influence of spirituality on health and the lack of its integration into psychotherapeutic training. We attempt to provide a framework to bridge this gap in supervision.
We reviewed the literature on the roles of spirituality and religion in mental health and illness; on the place of religion in psychotherapy; and on the pedagogy of spirituality.
Issues requiring attention include definitions of terms; awareness of personal beliefs; consideration of the boundaries between religiosity and pathology; and distinction between religious structures and personal beliefs. A format for addressing these issues in supervision includes: assisting the trainee with self-awareness; providing tools for spiritual assessment of the patient; providing developmental schema for spirituality; and maintaining awareness of the intersubjectivity of the patient-therapist field and the trainee-supervisor field.
Existing literature provides usable frameworks for integrating religion and spirituality into psychotherapy supervision. We offer suggestions on how this may be accomplished.
我们注意到心理治疗的基础科学与宗教生活的精神层面之间存在差距；患者与治疗师的信仰及实践之间存在差距；以及灵性对健康影响的证据与灵性未被纳入心理治疗培训之间存在差距。我们试图提供一个框架以弥合督导中的这一差距。
我们回顾了关于灵性与宗教在心理健康和疾病中的作用、宗教在心理治疗中的地位以及灵性教学法的文献。
需要关注的问题包括术语的定义、对个人信仰的认识、对宗教性与病理学之间界限的考量以及宗教结构与个人信仰之间的区分。在督导中处理这些问题的一种形式包括：协助受训者进行自我认知；提供对患者进行灵性评估的工具；提供灵性发展模式；以及保持对患者 - 治疗师领域和受训者 - 督导领域主体间性的认识。
现有文献为将宗教和灵性融入心理治疗督导提供了可用的框架。我们就如何实现这一点提出建议。
