Kasashima Y, Takahashi T, Birch H L, Smith R K W, Goodship A E
Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, Utsunomiya, Japan.
J Appl Physiol (1985). 2008 Feb;104(2):416-22. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00379.2007. Epub 2007 Dec 13.
Tendons can be considered in two functional groups, those contributing to energetics of locomotion and those acting solely to position the limb. The energy-storing tendons in both human and equine athletes have a high frequency of injury with similar pathophysiology. In previous studies, high-intensity exercise appears to induce a disruption of the matrix rather than functional adaptation in adults. Here we explore the hypothesis that the introduction of controlled exercise during growth would result in an adaptive response without deleterious effects. Young horses were given a controlled exercise program similar to that previously shown to induce matrix changes in energy-storing tendons of skeletally mature animals. The tendons were assessed in relation to mechanical properties, molecular composition, and morphology. Results showed a significant increase in cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) in the positional tendon but not in the energy-storing tendon. Other matrix properties and mechanical properties were not significantly changed. While the imposition of high-strain-rate exercise in immature horses failed to augment the development of the energy-storing tendon over and above that induced by normal pasture exercise, it did not induce deleterious changes, supporting an earlier introduction of athletic training in horses.
肌腱可分为两个功能组，一组有助于运动的能量代谢，另一组仅用于肢体定位。人类和马类运动员中储存能量的肌腱损伤频率较高，且病理生理过程相似。在以往的研究中，高强度运动似乎会导致基质破坏，而非在成年动物中产生功能适应。在此，我们探讨一个假说，即在生长过程中引入有控制的运动将引发适应性反应且无有害影响。给幼马实施了一个有控制的运动计划，该计划类似于先前在骨骼成熟动物的储存能量肌腱中诱导基质变化的运动计划。对肌腱的力学性能、分子组成和形态进行了评估。结果显示，定位肌腱中的软骨寡聚基质蛋白（COMP）显著增加，而储存能量的肌腱中未出现这种情况。其他基质特性和力学性能没有显著变化。虽然对未成熟马匹施加高应变率运动未能在正常牧场运动诱导的基础上进一步促进储存能量肌腱的发育，但也未引起有害变化，这支持了在马匹中更早引入运动训练的观点。
