Krkosek Martin, Ford Jennifer S, Morton Alexandra, Lele Subhash, Myers Ransom A, Lewis Mark A
Centre for Mathematical Biology, Department of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
Science. 2007 Dec 14;318(5857):1772-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1148744.
Rather than benefiting wild fish, industrial aquaculture may contribute to declines in ocean fisheries and ecosystems. Farm salmon are commonly infected with salmon lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis), which are native ectoparasitic copepods. We show that recurrent louse infestations of wild juvenile pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha), all associated with salmon farms, have depressed wild pink salmon populations and placed them on a trajectory toward rapid local extinction. The louse-induced mortality of pink salmon is commonly over 80% and exceeds previous fishing mortality. If outbreaks continue, then local extinction is certain, and a 99% collapse in pink salmon population abundance is expected in four salmon generations. These results suggest that salmon farms can cause parasite outbreaks that erode the capacity of a coastal ecosystem to support wild salmon populations.
工业化水产养殖非但没有使野生鱼类受益，反而可能导致海洋渔业和生态系统衰退。养殖三文鱼通常感染有三文鱼虱（鲑鱼虱），这是一种本地的体外寄生桡足类动物。我们发现，野生幼年粉鲑（驼背大麻哈鱼）反复受到虱虫侵扰，且均与三文鱼养殖场有关，这已经压低了野生粉鲑的数量，并使其走上了快速局部灭绝的道路。虱虫导致的粉鲑死亡率通常超过80%，并超过了以往的捕捞死亡率。如果疫情继续，那么局部灭绝将不可避免，预计在四代三文鱼的时间里，粉鲑数量将锐减99%。这些结果表明，三文鱼养殖场可能引发寄生虫疫情，从而削弱沿海生态系统支持野生三文鱼种群的能力。
