Vanheusden Kathleen, van Lenthe Frank J, Mulder Cornelis L, van der Ende Jan, van de Mheen Dike, Mackenbach Johan P, Verhulst Frank C
Erasmus Medical Center, Sophia Children's Hospital, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
J Stud Alcohol Drugs. 2008 Jan;69(1):49-57. doi: 10.15288/jsad.2008.69.49.
This study examined levels of internalizing and externalizing problems over the full spectrum of alcohol consumption in young adults and identified whether social factors account for the associations of alcohol consumption with internalizing and externalizing problems.
This study was a cross-sectional random sample study among 2,258 young adult men and women from the general population of southwest Netherlands. Five groups were distinguished: (1) nondrinkers; (2) occasional drinkers (monthly or less); and regular drinkers (two or more times monthly) who were further classified into (3) low-level drinkers (one to two drinks per occasion), (4) higher-level drinkers (three to four drinks per occasion), or (5) excessive drinkers (five or more drinks per occasion). Internalizing problems and externalizing problems, social support, and negative social exchange were measured with standardized questionnaires.
U-shaped associations were found between alcohol consumption and various internalizing problems. Low social support accounted for higher rates of internalizing problems in nondrinkers and negative social exchange accounted for higher rates of internalizing problems in excessive drinkers. Also, excessive drinking was associated with various externalizing problems. A J-shaped association was found between alcohol consumption and aggressive behavior, with higher rates for occasional and excessive drinkers compared with low-level drinkers. Negative social exchange partly accounted for associations between alcohol consumption and externalizing problems.
Nondrinkers and excessive drinkers differ from low-level drinkers in risk factors for poor mental health, and these factors may contribute to their elevated rates of mental health problems. Interventions that address the experience of negative social exchange may produce both mental health benefits and a reduction of excessive drinking.
本研究调查了年轻成年人全谱酒精消费中的内化问题和外化问题水平，并确定社会因素是否解释了酒精消费与内化问题和外化问题之间的关联。
本研究是一项横断面随机抽样研究，研究对象为来自荷兰西南部普通人群的2258名年轻成年男性和女性。区分了五组：（1）不饮酒者；（2）偶尔饮酒者（每月或更少）；以及经常饮酒者（每月两次或更多），后者进一步分为（3）低水平饮酒者（每次饮用一到两杯）、（4）较高水平饮酒者（每次饮用三到四杯）或（5）过度饮酒者（每次饮用五杯或更多）。使用标准化问卷测量内化问题、外化问题、社会支持和负面社会交换。
发现酒精消费与各种内化问题之间呈U形关联。低社会支持导致不饮酒者内化问题发生率较高，负面社会交换导致过度饮酒者内化问题发生率较高。此外，过度饮酒与各种外化问题相关。发现酒精消费与攻击性行为之间呈J形关联，偶尔饮酒者和过度饮酒者的发生率高于低水平饮酒者。负面社会交换部分解释了酒精消费与外化问题之间的关联。
不饮酒者和过度饮酒者在心理健康不良的风险因素方面与低水平饮酒者不同，这些因素可能导致他们心理健康问题发生率升高。解决负面社会交换经历的干预措施可能对心理健康有益，并减少过度饮酒。
