Stevens Mark M, Reinke Russell F, Coombes Neil E, Helliwell Stuart, Mo Jianhua
EH Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation (NSW Department of Primary Industries and Charles Sturt University), Yanco Agricultural Institute, Private Mail Bag, Yanco, NSW 2703, Australia.
Pest Manag Sci. 2008 Mar;64(3):215-22. doi: 10.1002/ps.1499.
Seed treatments with the chloronicotinyl insecticide imidacloprid (Gaucho 600 FS) were evaluated to determine whether differences in concentration and exposure regime influence the germination and early growth of rice.
Continuous exposure to imidacloprid (4 days at 2000 mg AI L(-1)) significantly (P < 0.001) reduced normal germination by an average of 18% across the 15 cultivars examined. Nine days after sowing, plants showed no adverse effects from continuous imidacloprid treatment during germination, with shoot lengths and root system dry weights equalling, or occasionally exceeding (P < 0.05), those of untreated plants. Short-term imidacloprid exposure (2 h at 2000 mg L(-1)) at initial seed wetting did not affect germination (P > 0.05), and short-term (1 h) exposure of 48 h pregerminated seed to imidacloprid (2000 mg L(-1)) similarly had no significant effect on early subsequent growth. Plants arising from 48 h pregerminated seed exposed to imidacloprid (1 h) at concentrations up to 4000 mg L(-1) immediately before sowing were not significantly different from control plants at either 9 or 25 days post-sowing.
Results show that imidacloprid will have no adverse effects on plant growth if applied to pregerminated rice shortly before sowing. Continuous exposure of seed during germination had more pronounced effects, and the initial response of different cultivars was highly variable. Cultivars with high levels of sensitivity (such as IR72) require further testing before continuous exposure to imidacloprid during germination can be recommended.
对使用氯代烟碱类杀虫剂吡虫啉（高巧600 FS）进行种子处理进行了评估，以确定浓度和暴露方式的差异是否会影响水稻的发芽和早期生长。
连续暴露于吡虫啉（2000毫克有效成分/升，处理4天）显著（P < 0.001）降低了所检测的15个品种的正常发芽率，平均降低了18%。播种9天后，在发芽期间连续进行吡虫啉处理的植株未表现出不利影响，地上部长度和根系干重与未处理植株相当，偶尔还会超过（P < 0.05）未处理植株。在种子初始湿润时短期暴露于吡虫啉（2000毫克/升，处理2小时）对发芽没有影响（P > 0.05），48小时预发芽种子短期（1小时）暴露于吡虫啉（2000毫克/升）同样对随后的早期生长没有显著影响。在播种前立即将48小时预发芽种子暴露于浓度高达4000毫克/升的吡虫啉（处理1小时），所长出的植株在播种后9天或25天与对照植株没有显著差异。
结果表明，如果在播种前不久将吡虫啉应用于预发芽的水稻，对植物生长不会产生不利影响。在发芽期间种子的连续暴露有更明显的影响，不同品种的初始反应差异很大。高敏感性品种（如IR72）在推荐在发芽期间连续暴露于吡虫啉之前需要进一步测试。
