Toksoy Köseoğlu Sezen, Doğru Ali
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Türkiye.
Ecotoxicology. 2025 Jul;34(5):862-875. doi: 10.1007/s10646-025-02883-y. Epub 2025 Apr 19.
The widespread and indiscriminate application of insecticides within agricultural systems results in phytotoxic effects on non-target crops. Furthermore, the processes by which plants adapt and develop resistance to these agricultural chemicals are still not fully understood. This study provided a detailed analysis of the antioxidant enzyme responses, growth, photosynthetic activity, and pigment content under insecticide imidacloprid exposure on rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) plants to shed light on this issue. It has been observed that imidacloprid causes phytotoxicity in rapeseed, especially at high concentrations. The insecticide significantly affected growth parameters, pigment amounts, Fv/Fm ratio, HO (hydrogen peroxide) and MDA (malondialdehyde) amount, and some antioxidant (APX-ascorbate peroxidase, CAT-catalase, DHAR-dehydroascorbate reductase, GPOD-guaiacol peroxidase, GR-glutathione reductase, SOD-superoxide dismutase) enzyme activities. These findings indicate that plants can adapt their physiological processes, such as enhancing antioxidant enzyme activities, modulating photosynthetic pigment composition, and adjusting osmoprotectant accumulation to withstand and endure insecticides up to a certain level. This research offers insights into how neonicotinoid insecticides affect plant health, linking directly to crop productivity and quality, as improved stress tolerance can lead to better growth performance, better photosynthetic activity, higher yield, lower reactive oxygen species levels, and enhanced nutritional value of the harvested produce.
在农业系统中广泛且不加区分地使用杀虫剂会对非目标作物产生植物毒性作用。此外，植物对这些农药产生适应和抗性的过程仍未被完全理解。本研究详细分析了在吡虫啉杀虫剂暴露下油菜（Brassica napus L.）植株的抗氧化酶反应、生长、光合活性和色素含量，以阐明这一问题。据观察，吡虫啉对油菜具有植物毒性，尤其是在高浓度时。该杀虫剂显著影响生长参数、色素含量、Fv/Fm比值、过氧化氢（HO）和丙二醛（MDA）含量，以及一些抗氧化酶（抗坏血酸过氧化物酶 - APX、过氧化氢酶 - CAT、脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶 - DHAR、愈创木酚过氧化物酶 - GPOD、谷胱甘肽还原酶 - GR、超氧化物歧化酶 - SOD）的活性。这些发现表明，植物可以调整其生理过程，如增强抗氧化酶活性、调节光合色素组成以及调整渗透保护剂积累，以在一定程度上耐受杀虫剂。本研究为新烟碱类杀虫剂如何影响植物健康提供了见解，这直接关系到作物的生产力和质量，因为提高胁迫耐受性可导致更好的生长表现、更好的光合活性、更高的产量、更低的活性氧水平以及收获产品营养价值的提高。
