Christian Bernd, Luckas Bernd
Institute for Nutrition, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, Dornburger Str. 25, 07743, Jena, Germany.
Anal Bioanal Chem. 2008 May;391(1):117-34. doi: 10.1007/s00216-007-1778-x. Epub 2007 Dec 15.
The frequency of occurrence and intensity of harmful algal blooms (HABs) appear to be increasing on a global scale. Consequently, methods were established for the evaluation of possible hazards caused by the enrichment of algal toxins in the marine food chain. Different clinical types of algae-related poisoning have attracted scientific attention: paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP), diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP), and amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP). In several countries fish specialties are consumed which may be contaminated with algal toxins typical for the respective region (e.g., ciguatera and tetrodotoxins). Bioassays are common methods for the determination of marine biotoxins. However, biological tests are not completely satisfactory, due to the low sensitivity and the absence of specialized variations. Moreover, there is growing resistance against the use of animal experiments. Therefore, many efforts have been made to determine algal toxins with chemical methods. In this context LC-MS methods replaced HPLC methods with optical detectors, allowing both effective seafood control and monitoring of phytoplankton in terms of the different groups of marine biotoxins.
有害藻华（HABs）的发生频率和强度在全球范围内似乎都在增加。因此，人们建立了一些方法来评估海洋食物链中藻类毒素富集可能造成的危害。不同临床类型的藻类相关中毒已引起科学关注：麻痹性贝类中毒（PSP）、腹泻性贝类中毒（DSP）和失忆性贝类中毒（ASP）。在一些国家，人们食用的鱼类特产可能会被各自地区特有的藻类毒素污染（如西加毒素和河豚毒素）。生物测定法是测定海洋生物毒素的常用方法。然而，由于灵敏度低且缺乏专门的变体，生物学测试并不完全令人满意。此外，人们对动物实验的抵触情绪也在增加。因此，人们已做出许多努力，采用化学方法来测定藻类毒素。在这种情况下，液相色谱 - 质谱（LC-MS）方法取代了带有光学检测器的高效液相色谱（HPLC）方法，从而能够对不同种类的海洋生物毒素进行有效的海产品检测和浮游植物监测。
