Krenn Harald W, Mauss Volker, Plant John
Institut für Zoologie, Universität Wien, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090, Vienna, Austria.
Arthropod Struct Dev. 2002 Nov;31(2):103-20. doi: 10.1016/s1467-8039(02)00025-7.
The morphology and functional anatomy of the mouthparts of pollen wasps (Masarinae, Hymenoptera) are examined by dissection, light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, supplemented by field observations of flower visiting behavior. This paper focuses on the evolution of the long suctorial proboscis in pollen wasps, which is formed by the glossa, in context with nectar feeding from narrow and deep corolla of flowers. Morphological innovations are described for flower visiting insects, in particular for Masarinae, that are crucial for the production of a long proboscis such as the formation of a closed, air-tight food tube, specializations in the apical intake region, modification of the basal articulation of the glossa, and novel means of retraction, extension and storage of the elongated parts. A cladistic analysis provides a framework to reconstruct the general pathways of proboscis evolution in pollen wasps. The elongation of the proboscis in context with nectar and pollen feeding is discussed for aculeate Hymenoptera.
通过解剖、光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜，并辅以对访花行为的野外观察，对花粉黄蜂（膜翅目：马萨蜂亚科）口器的形态学和功能解剖学进行了研究。本文重点关注花粉黄蜂长吸式喙的进化，其由中唇舌形成，与从狭窄而深的花冠中吸取花蜜的行为相关。描述了访花昆虫，特别是马萨蜂亚科昆虫的形态创新，这些创新对于形成长喙至关重要，例如形成封闭的、气密的食物管、顶端摄取区域的特化、中唇舌基部关节的改变，以及延长部分的收缩、伸展和储存的新方式。系统发育分析提供了一个框架，用于重建花粉黄蜂喙进化的一般途径。本文还讨论了针尾部膜翅目昆虫在吸取花蜜和花粉过程中喙的伸长情况。
