Schwartzberg Ezra G, Kunert Grit, Stephan Claudia, David Anja, Röse Ursula S R, Gershenzon Jonathan, Boland Wilhelm, Weisser Wolfgang W
Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Strabe 8, 07745 Jena, Germany.
J Chem Ecol. 2008 Jan;34(1):76-81. doi: 10.1007/s10886-007-9397-8. Epub 2007 Dec 19.
Upon attack by predators or parasitoids, aphids emit volatile chemical alarm signals that warn other aphids of a potential risk of predation. Release rate of the major constituent of the alarm pheromone in pea aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum), (E)-b-farnesene (EBF), was measured for all nymphal and the adult stage as aphids were attacked individually by lacewing (Chrysoperla carnae) larvae. Volatilization of EBF from aphids under attack was quantified continuously for 60 min at 2-min intervals with a rapid gas chromatography technique (zNose) to monitor headspace emissions. After an initial burst, EBF volatilization declined exponentially, and detectable amounts were still present after 30 min in most cases. Total emission of EBF averaged 16.33 +/- 1.54 ng and ranged from 1.18 to 48.85 ng. Emission was higher in nymphs as compared to adults. No differences between pea aphid life stages were detected for their speed of alarm signal emission in response to lacewing larvae attack. This is the first time that alarm pheromone emission from single aphids has been reported.
在受到捕食者或寄生生物攻击时，蚜虫会释放挥发性化学警报信号，以警告其他蚜虫存在被捕食的潜在风险。当豌豆蚜（Acyrthosiphon pisum）的若蚜和成虫阶段的蚜虫分别受到草蛉（Chrysoperla carnae）幼虫攻击时，测量了警报信息素主要成分（E）-β-法尼烯（EBF）的释放速率。采用快速气相色谱技术（zNose），以2分钟为间隔，连续60分钟对受攻击蚜虫的EBF挥发情况进行定量，以监测顶空排放。在最初的一阵排放后，EBF挥发呈指数下降，大多数情况下30分钟后仍有可检测到的量。EBF的总排放量平均为16.33±1.54纳克，范围为1.18至48.85纳克。若蚜的排放量高于成虫。在响应草蛉幼虫攻击时，未检测到豌豆蚜不同生命阶段警报信号释放速度的差异。这是首次报道单个蚜虫释放警报信息素的情况。
