Cheeseman Iain M, Desai Arshad
Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Nine Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2008 Jan;9(1):33-46. doi: 10.1038/nrm2310.
Segregation of the replicated genome during cell division in eukaryotes requires the kinetochore to link centromeric DNA to spindle microtubules. The kinetochore is composed of a number of conserved protein complexes that direct its specification and assembly, bind to spindle microtubules and regulate chromosome segregation. Recent studies have identified more than 80 kinetochore components, and are revealing how these proteins are organized into the higher order kinetochore structure, as well as how they function to achieve proper chromosome segregation.
在真核生物细胞分裂过程中，复制后的基因组的分离需要动粒将着丝粒DNA与纺锤体微管相连。动粒由许多保守的蛋白质复合物组成，这些复合物指导其特化和组装，与纺锤体微管结合并调节染色体分离。最近的研究已经鉴定出80多种动粒成分，并正在揭示这些蛋白质是如何组织成更高阶的动粒结构的，以及它们是如何发挥作用以实现正确的染色体分离的。
