Fox P R, Moise N S, Woodfield J A, Darke P G
Department of Medicine, Animal Medical Center, New York, NY 10021.
J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1991 Dec 15;199(12):1742-53.
Pacemakers were successfully implanted in 4 adult and geriatric cats with bradycardia and associated signs. Various implantation techniques were used. Complications developed in 3 of the cats, generally more severe in 2 of the 3 cats in which thoracotomy and celiotomy were performed than in the cat in which a transvenous endocardial pacing technique was used. After surgery, pacemaker functions were reprogrammed noninvasively in 2 cats. All 4 cats survived without syncope for a mean of 33.1 months after surgery.